1. Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Which aponeuroses are anterior / posterior to rectus abdominis below the arcuate line?

A

Anterior: external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis

Posterior: transversalis fascia

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2
Q

Into which other nodes do the external iliac nodes drain?

A

The external iliac notes drain into the common iliac nodes, which drain into the lumbar (caval/aortic) nodes.

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3
Q

What anterior abdominal wall fossa is of the site of direct inguinal hernias?

A

The medial inguinal fossa

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4
Q

Which fold of the internal surface of the abdominal wall is a remnant of the urachus?

A

The median umbilical fold

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5
Q

What is the function of the illioinguinal nerve?

A

Provide sensation through the inguinal canal.

Passes into the anterior scrotum / labia majora.

Cutaneous sensation to the medial thigh.

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6
Q

Why might a midline incision through the linea alba have a long recovery time?

A

Because of contraction of the muscles pulling apart, and lack of a dedicated blood supply.

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7
Q

What are the risks of a subcostal incision?

A

Cutting the intercostal nerves, and possibly the superior epigastric artery.

(Note: subcostal incisions typically avoid the musculophrenic artery and subcostal nerve)

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8
Q

To what vertebra and rib does the transpyloric plane correspond?

A

L1

Rib 9

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9
Q

Where is the trans-tubercular plane found, and to which vertebra does it correspond?

A

The trans-tubercular plane is found at the widest part of the hips.

It corresponds with L5

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10
Q

Where is the neurovasculature of the abdominal compartment located?

A

Between the internal oblique muscle and the transversus abdominis muscle.

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11
Q

What root gives rise to the illiohypogastric and illioinguinal nerves?

A

L1

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12
Q

What rib and vertebra is associated with the xiphisternal plane?

A

Rib 7

T9

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13
Q

What roots make up the thoraco-abdominal nerves?

A

The anterior rami of T7-T11

(Same as the intercostal roots)

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14
Q

What are the dangers of a paramedian incision (along the linea semilunaris)?

A

Very large potential to cut the thoraco-abdominal nerves, eliminating control of the rectus abdominis and other abdominal muscles.

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15
Q

What are the eight layers of the anterior abdominal wall in order from superficial to deep (not including skin)?

A

Camper’s fascia
Scarpa’s fascia
External oblique muscle
Internal oblique muscle
Transversus abdominis
Transversalis fascia
Extra peritoneal fat
Parietal peritoneum

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16
Q

Where are epigastric hernias likely to occur?

A

In the linea alba

17
Q

What is the function of the illiohypogastric nerve?

A

Provides cutaneous sensation to the upper inguinal region and the superior hypogastric region.

18
Q

What do we call Scarpa’s fascia when it enters the scrotum?

A

Dartos fascia

19
Q

Where does the superior epigastric artery run?

A

Behind rectus abdominis, between rectus abdominis and the posterior rectus sheath.

20
Q

Where does the deep circumflex iliac artery run?

A

From the external iliac artery medially up the inguinal ligament.

21
Q

What major artery and gives rise to the inferior epigastric artery?

A

The external iliac artery

22
Q

The medial umbilical fold is the remnant of what structure?

A

The obliterated umbilical artery

23
Q

There is an unnamed plane at the eighth rib – to what vertebra does it correspond?

A

T11

24
Q

What landmark and vertebra defines the supracristal plane?

A

Top the iliac crest

L4

25
Q

What is a Spigelian hernia?

A

A rare hernia occurring in the linea semilunaris

26
Q

To what rib and vertebra does the subcostal plane correspond?

A

The base of rib 10

L3

27
Q

Where is the medial inguinal fossa found?

A

Medial to the inferior epigastric vessels / the lateral umbilical fold.

28
Q

Lymph close to the center of the abdomen just above the umbilicus travels to which lymph nodes?

A

Anterior diaphragmatic lymph nodes – then to the parasternal lymph nodes

29
Q

Where does lymph superior to the trans-umbilical plane travel?

A

Axillary lymph nodes (pectoral, central, apical, clavicular)

30
Q

What two branches of the internal thoracic artery supply the abdominal cavity?

A

The musculophrenic and superior epigastric

31
Q

Where does lymph inferior to the trans-umbilical plane in the abdominal cavity travel?

A

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes (same as the scrotum)

32
Q

Where are the supravesical fossae of the anterior abdominal wall found?

A

Lateral to the superior margin of the bladder, but medial to the edge of the medial umbilical fold

33
Q

What nerve root innervates the umbilicus?

A

T10

34
Q

Which aponeuroses are anterior / posterior to rectus abdominis above the arcuate line?

A

Anterior: external oblique, internal oblique

Posterior: internal oblique, transversus abdominis, transversalis fascia

35
Q

What anterior abdominal wall fossa is the location of indirect inguinal hernias?

A

The lateral inguinal fossa (lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels)

36
Q

What is the lateral umbilical fold?

A

A fold of tissue covering the inferior epigastric vessels