5. Histology of the Small and Large Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

What glands are located in the submucosa of the duodenum?

A

Brunner’s glands

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2
Q

What is the function of Brunner’s glands?

A

Secretion of an alkaline fluid to neutralize acidic chyme.

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3
Q

How many submucosal glands do we find in the jejunum?

A

The jejunum has no submucosal glands.

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4
Q

What glands can be found in the submucosa of the stomach?

A

There are no submucosal glands in the stomach. The gastric glands are located in the gastric mucosa.

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5
Q

What do we call the lymphatic structure that assists with the absorption of fat in the intestinal villi?

A

Lacteal

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6
Q

Where are paneth cells unique to?

A

The small intestine.

(Specifically the base of the intestinal glands in the small intestine)

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7
Q

Where are Brunner’s glands located histologically?

A

In the submucosa of the duodenum

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8
Q

What cells of the small intestine secrete lysozyme, alpha-defensins, and other glycoproteins for antimicrobial defense?

A

Paneth cells

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9
Q

What prevents the plicae circulares from ever laying completely flat?

A

The plicae circulares have a submucosal core

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10
Q

Histologically speaking, where are intestinal glands found?

A

Throughout the mucosal layer of the entire small intestine

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11
Q

If you’re looking at a section of small intestine, and you see no Peyer’s patches and no Brunner’s glands, what section of the small intestine are you looking at?

A

The Jejunum

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12
Q

Which part of the intestine typically has the longest villi?

A

The jejunum

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13
Q

What do we call the simple columnar cells of the large intestine?

A

Colonocytes

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14
Q

What is the primary indicator histologically of a slide coming from the colon?

A

A multitude of goblet cells without villi

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15
Q

What layer, in the colon, forms the tinea coli?

A

The outer longitudinal layer of the muscularis externae

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16
Q

What protein is defective in Hirschprung’s disease?

A

The RET gene, which is responsible for neural crest cell development

17
Q

What is the basic pathophysiology of Hirschsprung’s disease?

A

Neural crest cells fail to differentiate causing an absence of the plexus of Auerbach in the colon. This results in absent peristalsis, and leads to megacolon through impactions.

18
Q

What is the most common type of Hirschsprung’s disease?

A

“Short segment disease” – where the issue is confined to the “rectosigmoid region” (rectum and sigmoid colon).

19
Q

What two diseases are included in the term Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

A

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease

20
Q

What histological region is affected by ulcerative colitis?

A

Specifically the mucosa of the large intestine.

21
Q

Where is damage from Crohn’s disease localized?

A

The terminal ileum

(However it has been observed in the large intestine as well)

22
Q

What are the three divisions of the anal canal?

A

The colorectal zone, the anal transitional zone, and the squamous zone.

23
Q

Where does the enteric nervous system end?

A

At the anal transitional zone of the anal canal

24
Q

Where are anal glands found?

A

Extending into the submucosa and muscularis externa of the anal canal.

25
Q

What are the anal columns formed from?

A

Mucosal folds of the anal canal

26
Q

What type of glands are the circumanal glands?

A

Simply apocrine sweat glands in humans