9. Obesity Flashcards
Health risk associated with obesity and cardiovascular disease
Being overweight puts you at risk of:
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
- Atherosclerosis
- Ischemic heart disease
These are risk factors of cardiovascular disease
Health risk associated with obesity and high blood pressure
Increase in
- Cardiac output (blood vessels associated with adipose tissue) - Blood volume - Increase in arterial resistance (atherosclerosis)
Increased insulin secretion also
- Thickening of the blood vessels leading to thickening and hardening = increase BP - Increased CO as increased adrenalin is secreted - Increased reabsorption of water and salt = increased volume of BP
Health risk associated with obesity and
high blood cholesterol
- LDLs stick to the artery walls and cause plaque build-up = atherosclerosis - LDL are more problematic
- Thus, high cholesterol (LDLs or HDLs) is a risk factor of CVD
Health risk associated with obesity and
type 2 diabetes
- Obesity is the most important risk factor of T2
- Obesity promotes insulin resistance through inappropriate activation of gluconeogenesis
Health risk associated with obesity and
Chronic kidney disease
Obesity is associated with early onset of
- Glomerulomegaly - Gemodynamic changes of hyper filtering kidney - Increased albuminuria
- Sustained obesity, glomerulosclerosis can develop presenting with massive proteinuria
- Diabetes can increase the damage to the blood vessels in the kidneys
Health risk associated with obesity and
Gastro-oesphageal reflux disease
= abdominal fat puts pressure on the lower oesophageal sphincter leading to reflux
Health risk associated with obesity and
Fatty liver disease
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver is linked with obesity
- Fatty liver can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and then to cirrhosis of the liver
Health risk associated with obesity and
Lymphoedema
- Obesity can cause and worsen lymphoedema
- Pressure from adipose tissue blocks the return of lymph = increase of oedema to extremities
Health risk associated with obesity and
cellulitis
- Cellulitis is often caused by an infection of the tissues beneath the skin with either a group A streptococcus or staplococcus
- Obesity can increase lymphedema and lead to development of cellulitis
Health risk associated with obesity and
stroke
- Obesity increases risk of stroke because the excess fat can lead to:
o Difficulty in blood flow
o Increase in blockages
-Thus, increasing risk of stroke
Health risk associated with obesity and
pickwickian syndrome
Aka obesity hyperventilation syndrome
- Form of sleep apnoea
- Patient is not able to breathe deeply and instead breaths rapidly dur to patient’s obesity putting excessive strain on the pulmonary system
Health risk associated with obesity and
depression
- obesity and depression are linked
- Treatments such as exercise and stress reduction can help to treat both depression and obesity
Health risk associated with obesity and
oesteoarthritis
- Puts aided strain on joints and bones
Health risk associated with obesity and
gallbladder disease
- Gallstones usually made of cholesterol
- Obese individuals tend to produce more cholesterol than normal
= bile cannot dissolve all the cholesterol and some form into stones
Health risk associated with obesity and
GOUT
- Obese people are more likely to develop GOUT
- Gout is a form of arthritis caused by accumulation of sodium urate crystals in the joints
- Obesity increases pressure to joints
