9. Motor Systems - Cerebellum

Question 1

• known as the “little brain”
• 10% of the brain mass
• 69 billion neurons
• 80% of the total number of neurons in the brain
  these are all characteristics of the:

Answer 1

cerebellum

Question 2

the cerebellum is long known to be involved in:

Answer 2

motor control

Question 3

what are the two major lobes of the cerebellum?

Answer 3

the anterior and posterior lobes

Question 4

what are the three main regions of the cerebellum?

Answer 4

• vermis (medial)
• hemispheres (lateral)
• vestibulo-cerebellum

Question 5

the oldest part of the cerebellum that projects to the vestibular system

Answer 5

vestibulo-cerebellum

Question 6

often referred to as the “cognitive” part of the cerebellum (projects to the cortex)

Answer 6

hemispheres

Question 7

a loop which is highly developed in primates

Answer 7

the cerebellum-cerebral cortex loop

Question 8

the cerebellum has a laminated:

Answer 8

cortex

Question 9

what are the three major parts of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 9

• granule cells layer
• purkinje cell layer
• molecular cell layer

Question 10

extremely large cells which form a monolayer

Answer 10

purkinje cells

Question 11

the only cells of the cerebellar cortex that project “out”

Answer 11

purkinje cells

Question 12

what are the two types of inputs to purkinje cells?

Answer 12

• climbing fibers (from the inferior olive)
• granule cells

Question 13

how many climbing fibers innervate one purkinje cell?

Answer 13

one

Question 14

how many parallel fibers innervate one purkinje cell?

Answer 14

~200 000

Question 15

granule cells give rise to:

Answer 15

parallel fibers

Question 16

in a purkinje cell recording, complex spikes arise from _____ and simple spikes arise from _____

Answer 16

climbing fibers, parallel fibers

Question 17

Clarke’s dorsal nucleus is involved in:

Answer 17

proprioception

Question 18

a major input to the inferior olive is from the:

Answer 18

nucleus ruber

Question 19

receives extensive signals from the cerebral cortex

Answer 19

pontine nuclei

Question 20

the vestibular nuclei is involved in:

Answer 20

posture/balance

Question 21

projections of the dendate nucleus is mainly to the _____ and _____, influencing the _____

Answer 21

ventrolateral, ventroanterior thalamus, corticospinal tracts

Question 22

the dorsal dendrate projects mainly to the:

Answer 22

ventrolateral thalamus

Question 23

the ventral dendate projects mainly to the:

Answer 23

ventroanterior thalamus

Question 24

the “motor dendate” is similar to the:

Answer 24

sensorimotor loop of the basal ganglia

Question 25

the "non-motor dendate" is similar to the:

Answer 25

associative loop of the basal ganglia

Question 26

projections of the fastigial nucleus are mainly to the _____ and _____, influencing _____

Answer 26

vestibular nuclei, reticular formation, vestibulospinal and reticulospinal tracts (balance/posture and locomotion)

Question 27

the globose and emboliform nuclei are also known as the:

Answer 27

interposed nuclei

Question 28

projections of the interposed nuclei are mainly to the:

Answer 28

nucleus ruber

Question 29

the interposed nuclei influence the:

Answer 29

rubrospinal tract (control of upper limbs)

Question 30

true or false: the cerebellum is involved in motor adaptation (learning)

Answer 30

true

Question 31

go review slide 629-630

Answer 31

I just have no clue how to write that down

Question 32

true or false: the cerebellum is involved in adaptations of the vestibulo-ocular reflex

Answer 32

true

Question 33

can adapations in eye movements (ex: the vestibulo-ocular reflex) happen without the cerebellum

Answer 33

no

Question 34

cerebellar defects lead to defects in complex motor behaviours known as:

Answer 34

cerebellar ataxia

Question 35

incomplete cerebellar development

Answer 35

cerebellar hypoplasia