9. Growth of Cooperation Flashcards
What are the 4 areas for this plan?
- Robert Owen - New Lanark
- Labour Exchange Bazaars
- Cooperatives
- Rochdale Pioneers
Robert Owen - New Lanark
When was New Lanark operational, and what was its significance?
New Lanark was operational from 1799 to 1828, marking a significant development in industrial history.
Robert Owen - New Lanark
How did Robert Owen change the approach to productivity at New Lanark?
Robert Owen abolished punishment as a means of productivity and introduced the ‘silent monitor’ system, which used colors to indicate performance.
black = poor, blue = indifferent, yellow = good, white = excellent
Robert Owen - New Lanark
What happened to worker pay during the 1806 shutdown at New Lanark?
Workers were still paid during the 1806 shutdown, which lasted for four months due to a ban on exports to the USA.
Robert Owen - New Lanark
What educational initiatives were introduced at New Lanark?
New Lanark emphasised education and community, financing education for local children through a shop. An infant school was established in 1816.
Robert Owen - New Lanark
What were the working conditions at New Lanark?
Children under 10 years old were prohibited from working, and the working day was shortened to 12 hours by 1800, including a 1 ½ hour break.
Robert Owen - New Lanark
How did New Lanark’s financial success attract attention?
Despite its emphasis on worker welfare and education, New Lanark retained profits of £300,000 by 1834, which attracted great attention, including a visit by Grand Duke Nicholas in 1816.
Labour Exchange Bazaars
When and where was the first Labour Exchange Bazaar established, and who was its founder?
The first Labour Exchange Bazaar was established in London in 1832 by Robert Owen, it was known as the National Equitable Labour Exchange.
Labour Exchange Bazaars
Where was the second and final Labour Exchange Bazaar set up?
The second and final Labour Exchange Bazaar was set up in Birmingham in 1833.
Labour Exchange Bazaars
How did Labour Exchange Bazaars function in terms of currency exchange?
Labour Exchange Bazaars operated on an exchange of currency based on hours worked rather than monetary value.
Goods were exchanged with a credit note indicating the time taken to produce them.
Labour Exchange Bazaars
What was the level of support from Trade Unions for Labour Exchange Bazaars?
Both Labour Exchange Bazaars were well supported by Trade Unions.
Labour Exchange Bazaars
Why did neither Labour Exchange Bazaar survive longer than two years?
Neither Labour Exchange Bazaar survived longer than two years due to the accumulation of unwanted goods, leading to their closure.
Cooperatives
How widespread were cooperatives by 1832, and how many stores were there across Britain?
By 1832, cooperatives were widespread, with 500 stores established across Britain.
Cooperatives
How did cooperatives empower ordinary workers?
Cooperatives empowered ordinary workers by making them feel in control and part of a larger community.
Cooperatives
How did involvement in cooperatives benefit participants?
Participants in cooperatives received a dividend for their involvement, which ensured the survival of the stores.
Cooperatives
What early initiatives contributed to the cooperative movement?
Henry Hetherington and other Chartists formed the Co-operative and Economical Society in 1821, aiming to establish a communal house in Spa Fields.
Cooperatives
What was the name of the newspaper founded by William King, when did it run from and for how long?
William King published a newspaper titled “The Cooperator,” which he ran for two years starting from 1827.
Cooperatives
Can you provide an example of the success of cooperatives in terms of production and sales?
In 1908, the Clementhorpe bacon factory produced hams and bacon worth £7,300. Additionally, the bakery supplied 482,096 loaves and 1,161,056 pastries, demonstrating the significant output and sales achieved by cooperatives.
Rochdale Pioneers
When was the Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers founded, and by how many individuals?
The Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers was founded in 1844 by 28 men
Rochdale Pioneers
Who was the first woman allowed into the Rochdale Pioneers, what year was this?
Eliza Brierley was the first woman in the Rochdale Pioneers, joining in March 1846
Rochdale Pioneers
What was the main goal of the Rochdale Pioneers in formalising the cooperative model?
The Rochdale Pioneers aimed to address issues such as debt, unfair weights, trading only in cash, and the sale of poor-quality goods like adulterated food, for example water in milk or chalk in flour
Rochdale Pioneers
What were some of the key features of the cooperative model established by the Rochdale Pioneers?
The Rochdale Pioneers introduced elected leaders, balance sheets, the principle of “one member, one vote” (OMOV), and a fixed rate of interest.
Rochdale Pioneers
Who published “Self-help by the People” in 1858, and what did it detail?
George Holyoake published “Self-help by the People” in 1858, detailing the history of the Rochdale Pioneers.
Rochdale Pioneers
How did the cooperative movement expand after the publication of Holyoake’s book?
By 1862, there were 332 cooperatives, with 251 established since the publication of Holyoake’s book, indicating significant growth and influence of the cooperative movement.
