3. Factory Reform Flashcards
What are the 4 areas for this plan?
- Individuals
- Mass Movements
- Parliamentary Concern
- 10 Hour Movement
Individuals
Who wrote the first Industrial Novel in Britain, and when was it published?
- Francis Trollope wrote the first Industrial Novel in Britain.
- It was published in 1840.
Individuals
What was the title of the first Industrial Novel in Britain?
The title of the first Industrial Novel in Britain is ‘Michael Armstrong Factory Boy’.
Individuals
How much did each instalment of the novel cost?
Each instalment of the novel cost 1 shilling.
Individuals
What message did the novel convey about Individual Philanthropy?
The novel conveyed the message that Individual Philanthropy was inadequate.
Individuals
Who attempted to introduce bills with a 10-hour clause in Parliament?
Lord Ashley attempted to introduce bills with a 10-hour clause in Parliament.
Individuals
In which years did Lord Ashley attempt to introduce these bills?
Lord Ashley attempted to introduce bills in 1838, 1839, and 1840.
Individuals
Who supported Lord Ashley in his efforts to introduce the 10-hour clause?
Oastler and Bull supported Lord Ashley in his efforts to introduce the 10-hour clause.
Individuals
Who led the 10-hour movement?
Richard Oastler led the 10-hour movement.
Individuals
What was Richard Oastler’s occupation and hometown?
Richard Oastler was a Tory landowner from Huddersfield.
Individuals
What did Richard Oastler want children to become?
Richard Oastler wanted children to become effective workers.
Individuals
Who was chosen as the delegate to travel to London and gain Lord Ashley’s support?
George Bull was chosen as the delegate to travel to London and gain Lord Ashley’s support.
Individuals
When did the break in relations between Oastler and Bull occur?
The break in relations between Oastler and Bull occurred after an 1836 meeting where Oastler suggested Machine Breaking.
Mass Movements
Who were the Luddites and what did they do?
The Luddites were skilled workers who attacked steam-powered looms and other machinery.
They destroyed 1000 frames by February 1812, causing £6000 - £10000 worth of damage.
Mass Movements
When did the Luddite movement take place and where did it originally start?
The Luddite movement took place from 1811 to 1817. It originally started in Nottinghamshire, but later spread to Lancashire and Yorkshire.
Mass Movements
What were the causes of the Swing Riots?
The Swing Riots were caused by a decline in wages, hunger politics, and the introduction of threshing machines.
Mass Movements
How much damage was caused by the Swing Riots and what were the consequences?
The Swing Riots resulted in £600 of riot damage and £100,000 of arson damage.
Additionally, 252 people were sentenced to death and 505 were transported.
Mass Movements
Where did the Swing Riots primarily take place?
The Swing Riots primarily took place in South and Eastern England.
Mass Movements
What were the Short Time Committees and where were they based?
The Short Time Committees were made up of spinners and weavers and were based in Huddersfield and Leeds.
Mass Movements
When did the Short Time Committees campaign and what was the outcome?
The Short Time Committees campaigned from 1833 to 1847. Their efforts led to the passing of the Factory Act in 1847.
Parliamentary Concern
What was a prominent concern in Parliament in 1833?
The Free Trade Agreement was a prominent concern in Parliament in 1833.
Parliamentary Concern
Who believed that profit was made in the last hour of the day, and when was this belief endorsed by the government?
Nassau Senior believed that profit was made in the last hour of the day. This belief was endorsed by the government until the 1933 Factory Act.
Parliamentary Concern
What percentage of the population was under 20 in 1821?
In 1821, 49% of the population was under 20.
Parliamentary Concern
Who, among the Whigs, feared that children working too hard would reduce future productivity?
Among the Whigs, Thomas Babington Macauley feared that children working too hard would reduce future productivity.
Parliamentary Concern
What was a common working schedule for children at that time?
A common working schedule for children at that time was 12 hours, 6 days a week.
Parliamentary Concern
What were some examples of the lack of concern for the wellbeing of workers?
Some examples of the lack of concern for the well-being of workers include the practice of “scavengers” going under machines to collect cotton and “pieceners” winding cotton thread back together while the machine was running.
In 1859, 13-year-old Martha Appleton lost her fingers at work and was sacked without compensation.
Parliamentary Concern
When did the Royal Commission publish a report on the conditions in mines and the treatment of children, and what was the result of this report?
The Royal Commission published a report on the conditions in mines and the treatment of children in 1842. This report greatly shocked the public and led to the 1842 Mine Act, which banned underground employment of women and children under 10.
10 Hour Movement
Who led the campaign for a reduction of working hours from 1830-1847?
Richard Oastler and John Fielden.
10 Hour Movement
When was the Factory Act introduced that mandated a 10-hour working day for women and children?
1847
10 Hour Movement
How did some factories maintain a 12-hour working day despite the Factory Act?
By using relays.
10 Hour Movement
In what year were the working hours increased to 10.5 as a concession to factory owners?
1850
10 Hour Movement
Who led the resolution of the working hour issue in 1853?
Leonard Horner
10 Hour Movement
What were the restricted working hours for children and women according to the 1853 Factory Act?
6am-6pm
10 Hour Movement
Were the restricted hours (1853 Factory Act) often applied to men as well?
Yes
