9. Gluteal Region (No Muscles)

Question 1

What structures exit the Greater Sciatic Foramen?

Answer 1

Gluteal Neurovascular Bundles

Piriformis M.

Sciatic N.

Posterior Femoral Cutaneous N.

Pudendal N. / Internal Pudendal Artery

Nerve to the Obturator Internus and Superior Gemellus

Glowing Pirate Samurai Pounced on Panting Nudists

Question 2

What divides the Greater Sciatic Notch from the Lesser Sciatic Notch?

Answer 2

The Sacrospinous Ligament

Question 3

If a patient limps by leaning to the right side while their weight is on their right foot, what sign would we document?

Answer 3

Positive Trendelenburg’s Sign

Question 4

What structures enter the Lesser Sciatic Foramen?

Answer 4

Pudendal Nerve

Internal Pudendal Artery

Nerve to the Obturator Internus and Superior Gemellus

Question 5

What muscles are supplied by the Superior Gluteal Artery, and by what branch for each?

Answer 5

• Superficial Branch
  
  • Gluteus Maximus
• Deep Branch
  
  • Gluteus Medius
  • Gluteus Minimus
  • Tensor Fascia Lata

Question 6

What Nerve Roots supply the Middle Cluneal Nerve?

Answer 6

S1-S3 Dorsal Rami

Question 7

What vessel can be damaged in some people when the Ligament of the Head of the Femur is damaged?

Answer 7

A Branch of the Obturator Nerve

Question 8

What muscles are flexed during the following event of the gait cycle?

Terminal Swing (Legs Adjacent & Tibia Vertical)

Answer 8

Hamstrings fire to slow the leg from flying forward.

Question 9

What muscles are flexed during the following event of the gait cycle?

Load Response

Answer 9

Gastrocnemius

(plantarflexes Foot)

Quadriceps Femoris

(keeps Knee from buckling)

Gluteus Medius and Minimus

(Stabilizes the Pelvis)

Question 10

The Nerve that innervates the Superior Gemellus also innervates what other muscle?

Answer 10

The Obturator Internus

Question 11

What Bursa lies at the common origin of most of the Hamstring Muscles?

Answer 11

Ischial Bursa

Question 12

What vessel gives rise to both the Superior and Inferior Gluteal Artery?

Answer 12

Internal Iliac Artery

Question 13

What are the Superior and Inferior Boundaries of the Gluteal Region?

Answer 13

Iliac Crests

Gluteal Sulcus

Question 14

The nerve that innervates the Quadratus Femoris also innervates what other muscle?

Answer 14

The Inferior Gemellus

Question 15

What is the most common direction for dislocation of the Femur?

Answer 15

Posterior dislocations are the most common.

Question 16

What bursa lies under the IT Tract ?

Answer 16

Intertrochanteric Bursa

Question 17

What muscles are supplied by the Inferior Gluteal Artery?

Answer 17

Gluteus Maximus

Small Lateral Rotators

Superior Hamstrings

Question 18

What Nerve Roots supply the Inferior Cluneal Nerve?

Answer 18

S1-S3 Ventral Rami

Question 19

What Nerve Roots supply the Superior Cluneal Nerve?

Answer 19

L1-L3

Question 20

What nerve supplies the largest cutaneous segment in the body?

Answer 20

The Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

Question 21

What Nerve Roots supply the Inferior Gluteal Nerve?

Answer 21

L5-S2

Question 22

What nerve roots supply the Superior Gluteal Nerve?

Answer 22

L4-S1

Question 23

How does the lower extremity present when the Femur is posteriorly dislocated?

Answer 23

Shortened and internally rotated.

Question 24

How does the lower extremity present when the Neck of the Femur is fractured?

Answer 24

Shortened and laterally rotated

Question 25

What does a positive Pivot Shift Test suggest?

Answer 25

Damage to or laxity of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament.

Question 26

What two muscles are affected in a patient with Duchenne’s Limp?

Answer 26

Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Minimus

Question 27

What muscle exits the Lesser Sciatic Foramen?

Answer 27

The Obturator Internus

Question 28

What muscles are flexed during the following event of the gait cycle?

Toe Off (Preswing)

Answer 28

Rectus Femoris and Iliopsoas swing the leg forward

Gluteus Medius and Minimus

(Stabilizes the Pelvis, beginning to relax as this phase ends)

Question 29

What muscles are flexed during the following event of the gait cycle?

Heel off (Midstance)

Answer 29

Gastrocnemius and Soleus apply pressure to move forward

Gluteus Medius and Minimus

(Stabilizes the Pelvis)

Question 30

What three muscles are supplied by the Superior Gluteal Nerve?

Answer 30

Gluteus Medius

Gluteus Minimus

Tensor Fascia Lata

Question 31

What happens in a Gluteal Crush injury?

Answer 31

Arteries which supply the Sciatic Nerve become compressed, leading to Sciatic Nerve Damage.

Question 32

What line in the gluteal region must you be sure to be superior to when performing a gluteal injection?

Answer 32

The line between the PSIS and the Superior Border of the Greater Trochanter of the Femur

Question 33

What muscles are flexed during the following event of the gait cycle?

Heel Strike

Answer 33

Gluteus Maximus

(pulls Heel down)

Tibialis Anterior

(pulls Toe up)

(Gluteus Medius and Minimus begin to flex at the end of this phase)

Question 34

Why might the gait of someone with paralyzed Quadriceps Femoris muscles appear normal?

Answer 34

Because the Gluteus Maximus and the Vastus Lateralus can pull on the IT Tract to extend the leg (as long as it’s not so far flexed that the IT Tract becomes a flexor).

Question 35

What muscles are flexed during the following event of the gait cycle?

Next Heel Strike (Terminal Stance)

Answer 35

Gastrocnemius and Soleus continue to apply pressure to move forward

Gluteus Medius and Minimus

(Stabilizes the Pelvis)

Question 36

What vessel gives rise to the Internal Pudendal Artery?

Answer 36

Internal Iliac Artery

Question 37

What ligament do the PIN structures run underneath?

Answer 37

Sacrotuberous Ligament

Question 38

What arteries participate in the Cruciate Anastomosis?

Answer 38

Transverse Branch of the Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery

Terminal Part of the Transverse Branch of the Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery

First Perforating Artery

Inferior Gluteal Artery