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04. MSK Test 2 > 4. Skeletal Muscle and Nerve Tissue > Flashcards

4. Skeletal Muscle and Nerve Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Where is calcium stored within a muscle?

A

In the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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2
Q

How many dendrites and axons for a bipolar neuron?

A

Single dendrite (with multiple extensions) and one axon

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3
Q

What is the function of gamma motor nerve fibers?

A

Contraction of the intrafusal muscle fibers in response to the Neuromuscular Spindle Apparatus detecting an excessive stretch

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4
Q

What two chains does Myosin have?

A

Heavy chain with a globular head

Light chain

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5
Q

From smallest unit to largest, what are the divisions of a muscle?

A

Sarcomere -> Myofibrils -> Myocyte (Myofiber) -> Fascicle -> Muscle

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6
Q

What does Tropomyosin do?

A

Wraps between actin strands and holds troponin

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7
Q

What is this type of neuron?

A

Multipolar

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8
Q

What is marked here as 2?

A

A Band

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9
Q

What connects the Transverse Tubule to the Terminal Cisternae?

What do they do?

A

“End Feet”

Allow for calcium release

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10
Q

What is actin made of?

A

G-Actin Monomers

(globular protiens)

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11
Q

What features can be used to identify Skeletal Muscle?

A

Peripheral nucleii

Striations

Multiple nucleii

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12
Q

What is this type of neuron?

A

Pseudounipolar

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13
Q

What is this type of neuron?

A

Bipolar

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14
Q

What two regions of a Myofibril shorten during muscle contraction?

A

The H Zone and the I Band

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15
Q

Where do Oligodendrocytes operate?

A

CNS

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16
Q

What makes up the “thick filament” of a muscle fiber?

A

Myosin

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17
Q

What is Sarcoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Tubular system which acts like smooth ER.

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18
Q

Do Schwann cells wrap around parts of single axons or many axons together?

A

Parts of a single axon

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19
Q

What keeps the muscles from contracting all the time?

A

Tropomyosin blocks the myosin binding sites

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20
Q

Where are myosin going one direction attached to the myosin going the other direction?

A

M line / M disc

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21
Q

What is the function of the Axon Hillock?

A

Sums up all of the action potentials from the dendrites, and sends a signal down the axon if it is sufficient.

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22
Q

What is an intrafusal muscle fiber?

A

Muscle fiber that senses length and rate of change of a muscle

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23
Q

Do Oligodendrocytes wrap around parts of single axons or many axons together?

A

Many axons together

24
Q

What is the connective tissue layer surrounding the outside of the entire spinal nerve?

A

Epineurium

25
Q

What makes up the “thin filament” of a muscle fiber?

A

Actin

26
Q

How many dendrites and axons for a multipolar neuron?

A

Multiple dendrites, one axon

27
Q

What is a Type 1A sensory nerve fiber?

A

Afferent innervation to an intrafusal muscle fiber (sends strech sensory information to the spine)

28
Q

What are the basic characteristics of type 2 muscle fibers?

A

Less mitochondria than type 1

More explosive contractions

Fatigues quickly

Less myoglobin

29
Q

What determines the length of an Actin filament?

A

Nebulin

30
Q

What is an extrafusal muscle fiber?

A

Muscle fiber under voluntary control, in charge of contracting the muscle fibers.

31
Q

What is marked here as 4?

A

M Line

32
Q

What are the basic characteristics of Type 1 muscle fibers?

A

Low fatigability

Slow Contraction

Abundant Myoglobin for O2

Very Aerobic

Many Mitochondria

33
Q

What fascial covering covers the fascicles?

A

Perimysium

34
Q

What are Transverse (T) Tubules?

A

Bits of Sarcolemma (membrane) that penetrate the cell.

35
Q

What are the characteristics of a pseudounipolar neuron?

A

A cell body connected to a cell process with a dendrite branch and an axon branch.

36
Q

What serves as the defined border of a sarcomere?

A

Z disks

37
Q

What is the Sarcoplasm?

A

Cytoplasm of a muscle cell

38
Q

Does the A Band shorten during contraction?

A

No. Only the H Zone and the I band shorten

39
Q

What does Calcium do to incite muscle contraction?

A

It binds to Troponin, which then causes Tropomyosin to change conformation, and no longer block the Myosin binding sites on the Actin Filament

40
Q

What connective tissue layer wraps a single myelinated or unmyelinated axon?

A

Endoneurium

41
Q

What is marked here as 1?

A

I Band

42
Q

What is the Sarcolemma?

A

The membrane around myocytes that penetrates the muscle cell as T tubules

43
Q

What all is contained within the H Zone?

A

Myosin fibers and the M line

44
Q

Why is it important to have electrical impulses shuttled into the cell?

A

So that the myocyte can contract all at once, instead of from the outside in.

45
Q

What is the function of Alpha-Motor nerve fibers?

A

Sends the signal to contract to a muscle

46
Q

What attaches to the Z disk?

A

Actin and Titin (which in turn holds myosin)

47
Q

What is marked here as 5?

A

Z Disk

48
Q

What is contained within the I band?

A

Actin

The Z Disk

(straddles sarcomeres)

49
Q

What is defined as the A band?

A

Distance from end to end of myosin within one sarcomere.

50
Q

What fascial covering covers the myofibers?

A

Endomysium

51
Q

What fascial covering surrounds the muscle itself?

A

The epimysium

52
Q

What is marked here as 3?

A

H Zone

53
Q

What holds the Myosin to the Z disk, thus holding Myosin in place?

A

Titin protiens

54
Q

What connective tissue layer wraps a fascicle of nerve fibers together?

A

Perineurium

55
Q

What are Terminal Cisternae?

A

Flattened sacs of sarcoplasmic reticulum laying alongside the T tubules.

56
Q

Where do Schwann cells operate?

A

Peripheral Nervous System

57
Q

How many nerves innervate one myofiber?

How many fibers might one nerve innervate?

A

1

More than one

04. MSK Test 2 (21 decks)

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