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Division III > 9-Endocrine System > Flashcards

9-Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Exocrine vs endocrine glands

A

Exocrine gland secretes hormones into ducts

Endocrine secretes into interstitial fluid –> capillaries –> travel thru blood to reach target cells

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2
Q

Hormones affect only target cells with specific – that bind to a given hormone

A

Receptors

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3
Q

What happens when a hormone is in excess

A

Hormone in excess= down regulation or decrease in number of receptors

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4
Q

90% of lipid-soluble hormones are – – made in liver

A

Transport proteins

  • receptors in target cells
  • increase blood solubility of lipid soluble hormone
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5
Q

After lipid soluble hormone diffuses into cell, it binds to and activates receptors in – and –

A

Cytosol and nucleus

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6
Q

For a water soluble hormone, hormone is the – – that binds to its receptor on plasma membrane

A

First messenger

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7
Q

– soluble hormones can induce effects at very LOW concentrations

A

Water soluble hormones

just need a little

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8
Q

3 effects that hormones can have on each other

A
  1. Permissive effect - need permission to perform action
  2. Synergistic effect - 2 working together stronger than 1
  3. Antagonistic effect
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9
Q

What controls pituitary glands

A

Hypothalamus

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10
Q

The – pituitary gland only stores and releases hormones created by hypothalamus (milk milk lemonade, round the former fudge is made)

A

Posterior

Thus the milk milk booty song

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11
Q

Anterior pituitary hormones

FLAGTOP

A 
F-follicle stimulating
L-luteinizing
A-adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
G-human growth 
T-thyroid stimulating 
O-melanOcyte stimulating
P-prolactin
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12
Q

Most plentiful hormone that promotes synthesis and secretion of insulin like growth factors

A

Human growth hormone

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13
Q

Release of Posterior pituitary hormones triggered by

A

Nerve impulses

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14
Q

Posterior pituitary hormones

A

Oxytocin

Anti diuretic hormone (conserve water)

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15
Q

The – gland is inferior to larynx and anterior to trachea

A

Thyroid gland

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16
Q

3 hormones produced by thyroid gland

A

Triiodothyronine (T3)
Thyroxine (t4)
Calcitonin

17
Q

Only endocrine gland that stores its secretory products in large supply

A

Thyroid

hy for hide

18
Q

5 steps of negative feedback loop of thyroid hormones

A
  1. Low level of T3 or T4 = low metabolic rate = release of TRH
  2. TRH carried to anterior pituitary => release of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone released by pituitary)
  3. TSH release into bloodstream stimulated thyroid follicles to release T3 and T4
  4. Elevated t3 inhibits release of TRH from hypothalamus and of TSH from anterior pituitary = negative feedback
19
Q

– reduce blood calcium by down regulating osteoclasts (they break down bone to release Ca)

A

CalciTONIN down

20
Q

Effects of thyroid hormones

A
  • increase basal metabolic rate
  • enhance actions of epinephrine (adrenaline)
  • stimulate body growth
21
Q

LOW blood Ca stimulates what gland to release what

A

Parathyroid gland releases more parathyroid hormone

22
Q

– stimulates kidneys to release Calcitriol => increases absorption of Ca from foods = increase blood Ca level

A

Para thyroid hormone (PTH)

23
Q

2 parts of adrenal glands

A

Adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla MEDical emergency

24
Q

3 substances secreted by adrenal cortex

A
  1. Mineralcorticoids
  2. Glucocorticoid - regulate metabolism and stress ; cortisol and cortisone
  3. Androgens in males
25
Q

Adrenal medulla does what

A

Intensity sympathetic NS responses Vr releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine, which have similar actions

26
Q

Describe cells of pancreatic islet

A

Alpha cells secrete glucagon (break down glucagon to INCREASE blood sugar)
Beta cells secrete insulin (decrease blood sugar)
Surrounded by acini cells that secrete digestive enzymes

27
Q

Glucagon acts on LIVER cells to:

A
  • Convert glycogen to glucose

- synthesize glucose from lactic acid and amino acids

28
Q

High blood sugar causes InSULIN to act on body cells to:

A
  • accelerate diffusion of glucose into cells
  • increase protein and fatty acid synthesis to use up glucose
  • convert glucose into glycogen
29
Q

Type – diabetes is juvenile onset or insulin DEPENDENT bc islet cells produce no insulin

A

Type 1 =no insulin produced = insulin therapy needed

30
Q

In type – diabetes, insulin RESISTANCE in which body does not use insulin properly or islet cells dot produce enough

A

Type 2 or diabetes Melkite

31
Q

Key differences bw nervous and endocrine system regulation

A

For endocrine system, site of mediator action is farther, time to onset of action and duration are longer

Division III (10 decks)

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