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Division III > 5-Digestive system > Flashcards

5-Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus and anal canal are lined with – – epithelium : protective function

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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2
Q

Function of Simple Columnar cells in stomach and intestines

A

Secrete and absorb nutrients

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3
Q

In the mucosa, the layer of connective tissue that contains blood and lymph vessels

A

Lamina propria

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4
Q

What the muscularis mucosae does

A

Create folds and increase surface area

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5
Q

Layers of GI tract from Innermost to Outermost

A

Mucosa, submucosa (connective tissue binding mucosa to muscularis), serosa

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6
Q

– neuron is located bw smooth m layers of muscularis mucosae and controls movement

A

Myenteric

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7
Q

Purpose of submucosal plexus (nervous control)

A

Control secretions of secretory cells of epithelium

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8
Q

– Innervation consisting of VAGUS nerve INCREASES secretion and motility (increase activity of enteric neurons)

A

Parasympathetic Innervation

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9
Q

Salivary amylase (breaks down carbohydrates) is – by stomach acids and lingual lipase (breaks down fats) is – by stomach acids

A

Salivary amylase is DEactivated by stomach acids

Lingual lipase is Activated by stomach acids

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10
Q

What 3 things does the stomach secrete?

A

HCl
Pepsin - protein enzyme, activated by hcl
Gastric lipase

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11
Q

What is the absorption in stomach limited to?

A

Water, certain ions, short chain fatty acids, drugs, alcohol

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12
Q

The exocrine pancreas consists of – cells that secrete pancreatic juice OUT thru duct and into duodenum

A

Acini cells - exocrine - duct

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13
Q

The endocrine pancreas consists of – cells and secretes glucagon and insulin into blood

A

Islet cells

islet is like INlet for endocrone

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14
Q

Name the pancreatic enzymes

A
  • Pancreatic amylase
  • Protective protein enzyme secreted in inactive form
  • pancreatic lipase
  • nucleic acid enzymes
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15
Q

Purpose of sodium bicarbonate in pancreatic juice

A
  • buffer acidic gastric juice in chyme

- Create proper, more basic pH for enzymes in small intestine

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16
Q

– are functional cells in liver that produce bile

A

Hepatocytes

17
Q

What happens to iron, globin, and bilirubin after phagocytosis of aged RBC liberates them?

A

Iron and globin are recycled

Bilirubin broken down in intestine, excreted in bile and urine

18
Q

Purpose of bile salts

A

Aide in absorption of lipids

19
Q

Significance of pancreatic lipase

A

Principal triglyceride digestion

20
Q

8!!! Functions of liver

A
  1. Production of bile
  2. Carb metabolism - glycogen storage
  3. Lipid metabolism
  4. Protein metabolism - ATP & blood proteins
  5. Processing of drugs and hormones - detox
  6. Excrete bilirubin from heme
  7. Storage of vitamins and minerals
  8. Activation of vitamin D
21
Q

4 cells of small intestine and what they do

A
  • absorptive cells absorb nutrient
  • goblet cells secrete mucosa
  • goblet of mucus*
  • paneth cells secrete lysozyme
  • enteroENDOCRINE cells secrete hormones
22
Q

Digestion of what occurs in small intestines

A
  • carbs to monosaccharides
  • proteins to amino acids
  • lipids to fatty acid and glycerol
  • nucleic acids to nucleotides
23
Q

– of all absorption occurs in small intestine

A

90%

24
Q

What is secreted by LARGE intestine

A

Mucus but no enzymes

25
Q

Bacteria in lumen of large intestine process chyme and do what else?

A

Ferment remaining carbs => release gases
Decompose bilirubin
Produce vitamins B and K

26
Q

What large intestine absorbs

A

Water, Na+, cl-, vitamins

27
Q

Metabolism: once absorbed, 3 fates of food molecules?

A
  1. Supply energy for life processes
  2. Building blocks for synthesis of more complex molecules
  3. Storage
28
Q

What are vitamins vs minerals

A

Vitamins - ORGANIC elements for growth and and metabolism

Minerals - inorganic & occur naturally

29
Q

– – must be obtained thru diet!!!

A

Essential nutrients

30
Q

The innermost lining of epithelium in GI tract

A

Mucosa

Division III (10 decks)

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