10-sensory And Motor Systems

Question 1

Sensation vs perception

Answer 1

Sensation = detection of changes in external or internal environment
Perception = conscious awareness and perception of sensations

Question 2

Sensory – is one unique type of sensation (pain, touch, vision, hearing)

Answer 2

Modality

Question 3

In the process of sensation, – of stimulus involves converting energy from stimulus into graded potential

Answer 3

Transduction of stimulus

*think conduction

Question 4

– order neurons carry sensory impulses from PNS to CNS

Answer 4

First order neurons

Question 5

Last step of sensation

Answer 5

Integration of sensory input by cerebral cortex

Question 6

3 types of sensory receptors by location

Answer 6

1. Exteroreceptors - at or near external surface of body
2. Interoreceptors - in blood vessels, visceral organs, muscles and nervous system
3. Proprioceptors - muscles, tendons, joints, inner ear for body position and movement

Question 7

6 types of sensory receptors classified by stimulus

Answer 7

• mechanoreceptors : deformation, stretching, bending of cells
• thermo receptors
• nocireceptors : pain
• photoreceptors
• chemoreceptors
• osmoreceptors: osmotic pressure of bodily fluids

Question 8

Rapidly adapting receptors for

Answer 8

Pressure, touch, smell

Question 9

Slowly adapting receptors for

Answer 9

Pain, proprioception (body position), blood chemical levels

Question 10

4 modalities of somatic sensations

Answer 10

Tactile
Thermal
Pain
Proprioceptive sensations

Question 11

Subdivisions of Tactile sensations

Answer 11

Touch, pressure, vibration, itch, tickle

Question 12

Thermal sensations are conducted thru

Answer 12

Free nerve endings

Question 13

Types of pain sensations

Answer 13

Superficial and deep somatic pain

Visceral pain - internal organs

Question 14

What is referred pain

Answer 14

Visceral (organs) pain perceived in skin overlying affected organ

Question 15

Proprioception end

Answer 15

Bin rotation web

Question 16

Name the 3 components of proprioceptive sensations

Answer 16

1. Muscle spindles located in skeletal mm measure muscle length/stretch and more precise movement = more muscle spindles
2. Tendon organs - measure muscle tension
3. Joint kinesthetic receptors - artiularbcapsules capsules or synovial joints sense joint position and movement

Question 17

What relays info from somatic sensory receptors to the primary somatosensory area in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum

Answer 17

Somatic sensory pathways

Question 18

Ascending somatic sensory pathway is set of 3 neurons

Answer 18

First order - impulse from somatic receptor to CNS
Second order neuron-cross over in spinal cord (spinothalamic tract) or brain stem, then carry impulse to thalamus (on opposite side)
Third order - impulse from thalamus to postcentral gyrus on same side

Question 19

Relay stations where ascending neuron synapse

Answer 19

Thalamus, brain stem, spinal cord

Question 20

The primary – area is in cerebral cortex of parietal lobe

• each region receives sensory input from different part of body
• receive input from opposite side

Answer 20

Somatosensory area

Question 21

Primary – area is in cerebral cortex of precentral gyri of frontal lobe

Answer 21

Primary motor area

Question 22

The – – – pathways are descending somatic motor pathways from brain to synapse with lower motor neurons

Answer 22

Upper motor neuron pathways

Question 23

Describe the 3 pathways to relay info from brain to effectors

Answer 23

Lateral corticospinal pathway: hands and feet; decussate at medulla oblongata
Anterior corticospinal pathway: trunk and proximal limb; decussate at spinal cord levels
Corticobulbar : head! bulb = head

Question 24

– – is increase in axon terminals in presynaptic neurons and increase in dendrites of post synaptic neurons

Answer 24

Intensive learning

Question 25

Free nerve endings respond to which tactile sensations?

Answer 25

Itch & tickle

Question 26

The Spinothalamic pathway carries sensory info to cerebral cortex for which group of sensations?

Answer 26

Pain, cold, warmth, tickle, itch

Question 27

What system senses internal and external environments

Answer 27

Nervous system