1-Cardiovascular System: Blood

Question 0

The 3 plasma proteins

Answer 0

Albumin - maintain blood osmotic pressure
Globulin
Fibrinogen

Question 1

3 basic functions of blood

Answer 1

Transportation
Regulation - pH, body temp, water content of cells
Protection - clotting, wbcs

Question 2

Plasma (liquid extra cellular matrix) proteins are synthesized by –

Answer 2

Liver

Question 3

Formed elements consist of which 3 elements

Answer 3

RBCs
WBCs
Platelets

Question 4

Name the 5 wbcs

Never let monkeys eat bananas

Answer 4

Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils

Question 5

– is the volume percentage of Rbcs in blood

Answer 5

Hematocrit

-higher in males

Question 6

— is HIGH hematocrit (% rbcs) => increase viscosity of blood

Answer 6

Polycythemia (many)

Question 7

Pluripotent stem cells differentiate into

Answer 7

Myeloid stem cells => Rbcs, platelets, neutrophils; do not divide once they leave bone marrow

Lymphoid stem cells => complete in lymphatic tissue

Question 8

– is development of formed elements

Answer 8

Hemopoiesis

Question 9

Name the 3 hemopoietic growth factors (for the 3 formed elements)

Answer 9

Erythropoietin
Thrombopoietin - platelet formation (thrombosis)
Cytokines - wbcs

Question 10

1 hemoglobin molecule consists of 4 – (polypeptide chains) and one – bound to each chain, with one oxygen bound to each

Answer 10

4 globin (protein)
4 heme (contains iron and oxygen)

Question 11

How is heme (part of Rbcs) broken down

Answer 11

Iron transported by transferrin to red bone marrow for erythropoiesis
Non-iron portion => bilirubin => liver => bile

Question 12

Formation of RBC:

Proerythroblast ejects nucleus => becomes – (immature RBC) => enter bloodstream to become mature erythrocytes

Answer 12

Reticulocyte

Question 13

Lack of oxygen is –

Speeds development of reticulocytes, or immature Rbcs

Answer 13

Hypoxia

Question 14

Unlike erythrocytes/Rbcs, – HAVE a nucleus

Answer 14

Leukocyte / WBC

Question 15

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils (all the Phil’s) are – bc they have granules aka vesicles

Answer 15

Granulocytes

Question 16

– phagocytose pathogens

Answer 16

Neutrophils

Question 17

– de-intensify the inflammatory response by stopping effect of histamine
Attack parasitic worms

Answer 17

Eosinophils (think eos = calming)

Question 18

– Intensify inflammatory response; hypersensitivity of allergic reactions

Answer 18

Basophils

Question 19

– are precursors to macrophages

Answer 19

Monocytes

Question 20

Platelets aka thrombocytes develop from – due to hormone thrombopoietin
Stop blood loss

Answer 20

Megakaryoblasts are precursor

Question 21

– is a series of responses to STOP blood loss from damaged vessel

Answer 21

Hemostasis (stasis - inactivity)

Question 22

3 mechanisms of Hemostasis (prevent blood loss)

Answer 22

1. Vascular spasm (tightening blood vessel)
2. Platelet blood formation
3. Blood clotting

Question 23

– is clotting in unbroken blood vessel to form a thrombus

Answer 23

Thrombosis

Question 24

In blood clotting, the – pathway is faster than the – pathway; both lewd to the COMMON pathway

Answer 24

Extrinsic faster than intrinsic

EXpedite the process

Question 25

– is a thrombus that dislodges and carries in blood to block blood flow to organ

Answer 25

Embolus