9. EKG Clinical Cases Flashcards
How do you determine the degrees of an axis?
Look at smallest deflection in leads 1-3 and AVF/R/L and look perpendicular to smallest/isoelectric point
What is orthopnea?
shortness of breath while lying down, needs to be propped up with pillows
What is dyspnea?
shortness of breath or labored breathing
What is characteristic of multifocla atrial tachycardia (MAT)?
3 different P waves before the QRS complex
What is characteristic of a sinus arrythmia?
will see it constantly during reading with p wave before QRS
What could cause a left axis deviation?
fluid in the abdomen pushing up on the heart
Premature atrial contraction (PAC/APC) can be normal, what is it commonly associated with? (6)
Stress alcohol tobacco coffee COPD/CAD
A premature beat is when an irritable focus spontaneously fires a single stimulus. What does a PAC do?
Resets sinus rhythm/SA node.
Can be seen after T wave, shortening HR for one QRS to QRS
Premature ventricular contraction PVC is when ST segment down, QRS goes up, (***ST segment goes opposite QRS) and will be borderline?
Sinus tachycardia
What is commonly seen with premature ventricular contraction ?(3)
Heart attack/Failure
Drugs
Electrolyte disorder
PVC can be seen in all leads. What will it look like?
QRS complex will wide and ST segment will be opposite, each down ST segment is one PVC
What is commonly seen with atrial fibrillation?
lack of P wave and baseline is jagged and irregular
During atrial fibrillation, Atrial firing rate > 350-600bpm, no P wave, irregular QRS interval and what else?
Irregularly irregular ventricular rhythm
What is a junctional rhythm?
Where there is a long, straigh baseline between T wave and QRS, lacking P wave
What is characteristic of Torsades de pointes?
Has very long QT interval
