19. Cardioprotective Diets

Question 1

What are the 4 main cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors?

Answer 1

age , gender/sex, family history, genetics

Question 2

LDL cholesterol is the bad cholesterol, and is commonly the primary target of therapy to decrease it. What should the LDL be under if you have low or high CV risk?

Answer 2

High CV risk: under 70

Low CV risk: under 100

Question 3

What are the numbers associated with the following, which if they are above these would be considered CVD risk factors?
HDL
Triglycerides
Hypertension
Elevated fasting glucose

Answer 3

HDL < 40 in men, <50 women is BAD
Triglycerides >150/175
HTN >120/80
Glucose >100
Waist circumferences > 40inches men 35 women
= metabolic syndrome if you have 3/5 Diabetes

Question 4

What are some of the bad aspects of the western dietary pattern? (4)

Answer 4

high glycemic load
High sodium
Low fiber
Wrong Fatty acid consumpotion

Question 5

how would you decipher an omega 6 from an omega 9 fatty acid?

Answer 5

counting from the free CH3 end, until the double bound, however many Cs are counted, that determines the omega 6/9

Question 6

Processed meats are bad containing salt and saturated fats. Any sugary things should be limited to 5/week. What about alcohol consumption?

Answer 6

Consumed in moderation. 2servings/day for men and 1 for women **can increase HDL, improve insulin sensitivity, and reduce systemic inflammation

Question 7

What are the amounts for a normal beer, wine, and spirirt?

Answer 7

5 oz wine
12 oz beer
1.5 oz spirit

Question 8

Sodium is link with an increased BP which accounts for what?

Answer 8

2/3 of strokes and 1/2 CHD events

Question 9

In the dash diet, it is key to AVOID sodium! What are the numbers in mg/d that they suggest to stay under?

Answer 9

less than 2,300 mg/d

recommends less than 1500 mg/d

Question 10

What is the most researched diet?

Answer 10

The mediterranean diet

Question 11

A low fat diet or vegetarian diet gets less than ____ percent of calories from fat.

Answer 11

10% (crazy)

Question 12

4-5sv/d of fruits and 4-5sv/d of vegies, 3+ servings/d of whole grains and how many servings of fish/shellfish is recommended?

Answer 12

2sv/week! oily fish like salmon

omega 3s

Question 13

Nuts like almonds are recommended 4-5 sv/wk and dairy products should be consumed 2-3 sv/day. What about vegetable oils?

Answer 13

2-6 sv/day

Question 14

What is the suggested amount of moderate exercise per week?

Answer 14

150 minutes per week or 20 minutes per day

Question 15

Dietary fats are long unbranched hydrocarbon chains what are all of the different fats?

Answer 15

saturated, monosaturated, polyunsaturated, trans fat, omega 3 and 6