18. Cardiopulmonary MI Flashcards
What does STEMI mean?
ST elevation myocardial infarction
What does NSTEMI mean?
non ST elevation myocardial infarction
One of Six adults in the US die from coronary heart disease. One coronary event occurs every 30 seconds. What percent of MIs do STEMIs account for?
30%
What are the most common cardinal symptoms of cardiovascular disease? (5)
Chest pain Dyspnea, orthopnea, wheezing Cough/Blood in cough Fatigue/Weakness Pain in extremities
What is lavine sign?
Person makes a fist and holds it against the middle of their chest
The most common cause of MIs is atherosclerosis. If coronary flow is occluded completely it is STEMI, if partially occluded then NSTEMI or UA. What is atherosclerosis?
Plaque builds up, shoulder of cap breaks off plaque and causes thrombus in coronary artery
What are the top 4 history/clinical manifestations associated with MIs?
- Chest discomfort
- Heavy pressure
- Pain left side
- Nausea, vomitting
NSTEMI will have ECG with ST segment ______ and T wave ________
chest pain adn ELEVATED cardiac enzymes
ST segment depression
T wave inversion
NSTE ACS (non ST elevated acute coronary syndrome) Will have an ECG with ST segment \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and T wave \_\_\_\_\_\_ ** Chest pain and NORMAL cardiac enzymes**
ST depression
T wave inversion
Ischemic patterns (deficient blood supply and impaired repolarization) are associated with?
Inverted T waves and tall peaked T waves
Injury patterns (deficient blood supply and inability to repolarize) are associated with?
ST segment elevation
Necrosis patterns or infarctions (dead tissue, lacks depolarization) are associated with?
Q wave wide and long
The left anterior descending artery (LAD) will be occluded in an anterior wall infarction seen in which leads?
V1-V6 (v1-v4)
The right coronary artery will be occluded in an inferior wall infarction or RV infarction seen by which leads?
Inf: II, III, AVF
RV: V3R-V6R
The circumflex artery will be occluded in a lateral wall infarcation and can be seen using which leads?
I, AVL, V5-V6
The posterior descending artery will be occluded in a posterior wall infarction and can be seen with which leads?
V1-V3
In the zone of ischemia, the T wave will be ________ and the reciprical effects on the opposite side will be?
T wave will be inverted
Reciprical will have inverted QS and high upright T wave
In the zone of injury, the ST segment will be _______ and the reciprical effects on the opposite side will be?
ST segment will be elevated
Reciprocal will have depressed ST, upright T wave
In the zone of necorsis, the Q wave will be _________ and the reciprocal effects will be?
Q wave ( d/t absence of depolarization) large wide, deep (with ST and T wave abnormalities) Reciprocal will have upright T wave, depressed ST, wide R
What occurs during recovery of an MI?
ST segment is first to go back to normal, and then T wave. Q will NEVER go back to normal
For a true posterior infarct, what will be seen?
Reciprocal changes in Anterior leads
V1V2 prominent R wave and upright T wave and ST segment depression (RECIPROCAL)
An increase in BNP can mean what?
Increased ventricular wall stress and fluid overload
If there is an increase in BNP, CRP, WBC, troponin I or T(cTnT). what can be assumed?
ELEVATED enzymes = NSTEMI
Normal enzymes = NSTE ACS
