9. Delayed Union, Nonunion, and malunion Flashcards
what arteries supply the adult long bone?
- principal nutrient artery
- metaphyseal-epiphyseal arteries
- periosteal arteries
what is secondary fracture healing?
indirect or callus healing
what is primary fracture healing?
bone is splinted together by surgery or fixation
how long does inflammatory phase last?
3-4 days
what are the guidelines for internal fixation for primary bone healing?
- anatomic reduction
- rigid/stable fixation
- preservation of blood supply
- early mobilization
what is malunion?
non-anatomical alignment at fracture site (an osseous union is formed by there may be angulation, shortening, rotation, translation)
what is delayed union?
any fracture that has not healed in a reasonable amt of time
what is non-union?
failure to achieve stable fx healing after 8-9 months of treatment
What are the 3 types of viable non-union fractures based on callus appearance?
- hypertrophic
- slightly hypertrophic
- oligotrophic (no callus formation)
what are contrainidciations for electrical bone stimulation?
- gap > 1/2 the diameter of the bone involved
- pseudoarthrosis
what are the 4 types of non-viable non-union fractures?
dystrophic
necrotic
defect
atrophic
what are the 3 structural types of bone grafts?
- cortical
- cancellous
- corticocancellous
Where is corticocancellous bone best harvested from?
calcaneus body
iliac crest
how does electrical bone growth stimulation work?
bone forming growth factors are upregulated in the presence of electronegativity –> stimulates osteogenesis
what are the 3 types of bone grafts?
autograft
allograft
xenograft
