12. Biomaterials & Implants

Question 1

Name the properties of good biomaterials.

Answer 1

• compatible
• facilitate surgery
• minimize complications
• improve results

Question 2

What are biomaterials?

Answer 2

biomaterials are those products that are brought into contact with body tissues

Question 3

What is injectable silicone used for?

Answer 3

• is a soft tissue replacement

- heloma, tyloma, neurotrophic ulcers

Question 4

what is the disadvantage of injectable silicone?

Answer 4

migration

Question 5

what is injectable collagen used for?

Answer 5

(is a matrix for fibroblasts and vascular ingrowth)

-used in DFU

Question 6

what are the disadvantages of injectable collagen?

Answer 6

expensive, short acting

Question 7

what is silastic sheeting and what is it used for?

Answer 7

prevents scarring and adhesions in tendons and nerves

-used in tendon repair

Question 8

What is bovine collagen bioprosthesis and what is it used for?

Answer 8

(tendon graft)

-used for stabilization procedures and tendon repairs

Question 9

what are the disadvantages of polyethylene and polypropylene?

Answer 9

creeping and drainage

Question 10

what is hydroxyapatite used for?

Answer 10

-bone graft substitute

Question 11

What is a Dacron and Gortex mesh graft? and when is it used?

Answer 11

synthetic fiber used to prevent adhesions, surgical repair of tendons and ligaments, entubulation and vascular grafts

Question 12

what is acrylic polymers (aka polymethylmethacrylate- PMMA) used for?

Answer 12

used as bone cement for implants and PMMA beads

Question 13

what is silastic gel sheeting used for?

Answer 13

reduces or softens hypertrophic scars

Question 14

Name some biomaterials that are hemostatic agents.

Answer 14

1. topical thrombin
2. absorbable gelatin sponge
3. microfibrillar collagen
4. oxygen-regenerated cellulose
5. bone wax
6. drains

Question 15

What is topical thrombin?

Answer 15

bovine protein which clots the fibrinogen of blood

Question 16

what is absorbable gelatin sponge?

Answer 16

“gelfoam”

purified animal protein that is used in treatment of ulcers to pack a wound that liquefies and is absorbed

Question 17

what is microfibrillar collagen ? what is it used for?

Answer 17

“avitene”- adheres to blood soaked surfaces and attracts platelets

Question 18

what is oxygen-regenerated celluolose used for?

Answer 18

“surgicel”- absorbable fabric that has hemostatitc functions thru absorption
*may inhibit bone healing though

Question 19

what is bone wax used for?

Answer 19

provides hemostasis thru tamponade

-inhibits bone healing though

Question 20

what are the advantages of draining a wound?

Answer 20

evacuate fluid
prevent hematoma
reduce pain
increase healing
helps prevent infection

Question 21

what are the disadvantages of draining a wound?

Answer 21

possible infection

maintenance

Question 22

name the gravity type of drain.

Answer 22

penrose drain

Question 23

name the closed suction types of drains.

Answer 23

TLS
Hemovac
Jackson-Pratt

Question 24

Name teh closed-suction irrigationd rain.

Answer 24

ingress-egress

Question 25

what biomaterial would you use for soft tissue replacement? (or if you want to cushion btwn skin and bone to prevent formation of callous)

Answer 25

injectable silicone

Question 26

what biomaterial would you use to stimulate vascular ingrowth in a diabetic foot ulcer?

Answer 26

injectable collagen

Question 27

what biomaterial would you use for tendon repair to prevent scarring and adhesions?

Answer 27

silastic sheeting

Question 28

what biomaterial would you use for ankle stabilization procedures and tendon repairs?

Answer 28

bovine collagen bioprosthesis

Question 29

which biomaterial is used as a bone graft substitute?

Answer 29

hydroxyapatite

Question 30

which biomaterial would you use as bone cement for implants and antibiotic beads?

Answer 30

PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) which is an acrylic polymer

Question 31

which biomaterial would you use to reduce or soften hypertrophic scars?

Answer 31

silastic gel sheeting

Question 32

which hemostatic agent works by attracting platelets?

Answer 32

microfibrillar collagen- "avitene"

Question 33

which hemostatic agent works by being absorbing blood ?

Answer 33

absorbable gelatin sponge- "gelfoam"

Question 34

which hemostatic agent works by absorbing blood but may inhibit bone healing?

Answer 34

oxygen-regenerated cellulose - "surgicel"

Question 35

what biomaterial provides hemostasis thru tamponade?

Answer 35

bone wax