9: Attraction and Close Relationships

Question 1

What was the Harvard Grant study?

Answer 1

Longitudinal study looking into what factors increase life satisfaction

Question 2

Who were the participants of the Harvard Grant study?

Answer 2

724 men over a period of 75 years

At the beginning of the study, half had just graduated Harvard and half were from deprived Boston areas

Question 3

What were the findings of the Harvard Grant study?

Answer 3

Good relationships keep us happier and healthier

Lonliness is very bad for us

It’s the quality of relationships, not just the number of them

Question 4

How is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs linked to close relationships?

Answer 4

Love and belonging is the third pillar, placed above self-esteem and confidence which suggests it’s an important part of our identity

Question 5

What is the belongingness hypothesis?

Answer 5

Humans are motivated by a need to belong and need frequent positive interactions with a consistant group of people over a long period of time

Deprivation of this has bad concequences

Social exclusion is linked to physical pain

Question 6

What is love?

Answer 6

A combination of emotions, cognitions and behaviour involved in intimate relationships

Question 7

What are the kinds of love?

Answer 7

Passionate/romantic love: Intense emotional state with feelings such as sexuality, elation, pain, anxiety and jealousy

Compassionate love: Feelings of friendly affection and deep attatchments

Question 8

What is passionate/romantic love?

Answer 8

Intense emotional state with feelings such as sexuality, elation, pain, anxiety and jealousy

Question 9

What is compassionate love?

Answer 9

Feelings of friendly affection and deep attatchments

Question 10

What is required for romantic love?

Answer 10

Cultural factors where love is acknowledged as a state
A subject to love
Emotional arousal self labeled love

Question 11

What is the triangular theory of love?

Answer 11

Passion, intimacy and commitment are on the 3 corners, consummate love is in the middle as it uses all 3

Question 12

What is colour theory?

Answer 12

There are 3 primary colours or styles of love. How they mix predicts the secondary characteristics of the relationships

Question 13

According to colour theory, what are the types of love?

Answer 13

Eros
Storage
Ludus
Mania
Pragma
Agape

Question 14

According to colour theory, what is the eros style of love?

Answer 14

Passionate love: An all-consuming emotional experiance

Question 15

According to colour theory, what is the storage style of love?

Answer 15

Compassionae love: A friendship and comfortable intimacy

Question 16

According to colour theory, what is the ludus style of love?

Answer 16

Game-playing love: Loves is a game that you have to win

Question 17

According to colour theory, what is the pragma style of love?

Answer 17

Logical love: Relationship works well and they’re compatiable partners

Question 18

According to colour theory, what is the agape style of love?

Answer 18

Unconditional, caring, giving and forgiving

Question 19

According to colour theory, what is the mania style of love?

Answer 19

Posessive love: Intense, jealous, obsessed

Question 20

What is prototype love?

Answer 20

Some types of love are recogised faster if they are closer to what we see as a prototype

Question 21

What is the process of relationship maintenence?

Answer 21

Passionate love dies down and compassionate love increases
Attatchment security increases
The relevance of social exchange increases
We adjust our perception of what our ideal is

Question 22

What factors contribute to ongoing relationships?

Answer 22

Personal dedication and attraction
Moral commitment and a sense of obligation
Constrait commitment where it’s costly to leave the relationship

Question 23

What cognitive stratergies are used to maintain relationships?

Answer 23

Enhancing their virtues and downplaying their faults

Changing your expectations to fit more closely with what your partner has to offer

Adjust your perceptions so that your partner resembles your ideal

Question 24

What are the phases of a break up?

Answer 24

Intrapsychic (Internal to each person)
Dyadic (Two person)
Social (Telling other people)
Grave-dressing (Reflection)

Question 25

How does evolutionary psychology explain attractiveness?

Answer 25

We’re motivated by reproductive fitness so find qualities attractive if they indicate health or fitness

Question 26

What kind of faces are we most attracted to?

Answer 26

Symmetrical faces as asymmetry is caued by pathogens and mutations

Prototypical faces

Question 27

How does proximity affect who we’re attracted to?

Answer 27

We become friends with those who are sithin a functional distance to us such as those we might see often

Question 28

Why are we attracted to people in close proximity to us?

Answer 28

We know we seem them regularily so make an effort to get along

Question 29

What is the exposure effect?

Answer 29

When we are repeatedly exposed to someone, we see them as more attractive

Question 30

Why are we more attracted to people we see as similar to ourselves?

Answer 30

It validates our own attitudes and helps us to think they’re correct
They’re more likely to love us back
Smooth interactions with less conflict

Question 31

What is the matching hypothesis?

Answer 31

Couples tend to match themselves with those they see as similar in intelligence and wealth

Equal status avoids chances or rejection

Question 32

What was Wedekind’s study into similarity vs complementarity for attractiveness?

Answer 32

44 male students wore a t shirt for 2 nights and 49 females smelled the shirts that were either the same or different genetic types

Question 33

What were the results of Wedekind’s study into similarity vs complementarity for attractiveness?

Answer 33

On the pill: Women rated similar genetics as more attractive

Off the pill: Women rated complimentary genetics as more attractive

Question 34

What is the reinforcement affect model?

Answer 34

We like people when we experiance positive feelings

Question 35

What is the equity model?

Answer 35

The input and output is seen to be the same for both partners

Mutual exchange of recourses