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Social Psychology 1 > 2: Social Cognition > Flashcards

2: Social Cognition Flashcards

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1
Q

What is social cognition?

A

The way we interpret, analyse, remember and use information about the social world

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2
Q

What is the main model for how we form impressions of others?

A

Asch’s configuration model

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3
Q

Who came up with the configuration model of how we form impressions of others?

A

Asch

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4
Q

What is Asch’s configurational model?

A

How we form impressions of others

Central traits: Have a strong influence over impressions

Peripheral traits: Have less of an influence over impressions

Some traits are more important than others.

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5
Q

What are central traits?

A

Asch’s configuration model:

Traits that have a strong influence over how we form impressions of others

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6
Q

What are peripheral traits?

A

Asch’s configuration model:

Traits that have a weak influence over how we form impressions of others

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7
Q

What biases do we have in forming impressions of others?

A

Primacy effect: Traits presented first have more influence over final impressions

Regency effect: Traits presented last have more influence over final impressions

Negativity: In the absence of negative information, we assume the best in others. But when given negative information, it has a strong influence

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8
Q

What is the primacy effect?

A

Traits presented first have more influence over final impressions

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9
Q

What is the regency effect?

A

Traits presented last have more influence over final impressions

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10
Q

What are personal constructs?

A

Our individual ways of organising and catergorising people such as by humour or intelligence

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11
Q

What is the halo effect?

A

We have better opinions of people who are physically attractive

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12
Q

What are some types of schemas?

A

Person
Role
Script
Self

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13
Q

Why do we catergorise and use schemas?

A

To save time and mental energy

To provide meaning for objects and reduce uncertainty

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14
Q

What are associative networks/memory?

A

Where ideas are linked by association. Recalling one idea makes it easier to recall those that are associated with it

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15
Q

What are stereotypes?

A

They are widely shared generalisations often used to describe whole groups

Slow to change
Ony change in response to wider social, political or economic changes
Aquired at an early age
Become stronger and more hostile when there is social tension

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16
Q

What is the accentuation principle of catergorising people?

A

We place people in catergories to accentuate certain traits

17
Q

What is the stereotype content model?

A

The content of stereotypes reflects the social-structural relations between groups

(Eg: Old people having high warmth but low compentancy)

18
Q

When a group stereotype is high warmth and low compentancy, what emotions do we associate with them?

A

Pity and sympathy

19
Q

When a group stereotype is high warmth and high compentancy, what emotions do we associate with them?

A

Pride and admiration

20
Q

When a group stereotype is low warmth and low compentancy, what emotions do we associate with them?

A

Contempt and disgust

21
Q

When a group stereotype is low warmth and high compentancy, what emotions do we associate with them?

A

Envy and jealousy

22
Q

How do stereotypes of old age affect old people?

A

Positive perceptions of age are shown to increase lifespan which shows that psychological state is important for our wellbeing

Bargh 1996: Measured how long it took to walk down a corridoor

23
Q

What were the results of the 1996 Bargh study into old age?

A

When exposed to negative stereotypes of old age, they took longer to walk down a corridor

24
Q

What is social encoding?

A

The process by which external stimuli are represented in the mind of the individual

25
Q

What is the process of social encoding?

A

Pre-attentive analysis
Focal attention
Comprehension
Elaborative coding

26
Q

What types of stimuli are there in social encoding?

A

Salient stimuli: Attention capturing and novel such as someone behaving oddly

Vivid stimuli: Emotionally attention grabbing and close to you in space and time such as a terrorist attack

Accessible stimuli: Accessibility of schemas we already have

27
Q

What are accessible stimuli?

A

Accessibility of schemas we already have

28
Q

What are vivid stimuli?

A

Emotionally attention grabbing and close to you in space and time such as a terrorist attack

29
Q

What are salient stimuli

A

Attention capturing and novel such as someone behaving oddly

30
Q

What are heuristics?

A

Time saving mental processes that reduce complex moral judgments to simple rules fo thumb

31
Q

What are some types of heuristics?

A

Representatvieness: Making judgements based on how stimuli resemble other catergories or stimuli

Availability: Making judgements based on how easily specific information can be brought to mind

Anchoring: Making judgements based on the tendency to start at a certain value and make adjustments afterwards

32
Q

What are representativeness heuristics?

A

Making judgements based on how stimuli resemble other catergories or stimuli

33
Q

What are availability heuristics?

A

Making judgements based on how easily specific information can be brought to mind

34
Q

What are anchoring heuristics?

A

Making judgements based on the tendency to start at a certain value and make adjustments afterwards

35
Q

What are some cognitive errors and biases?

A

Regression to the mean
Illusory correlation
Cognitive miser
Heuristics

36
Q

What are dual process theories?

A

They aim to provide a framework for social inferences processes

Dual process theory (Brewer 1988)

Continuum model (Fiske and Neuberg 1990)

37
Q

What is dual process theory (Brewer 1988)?

A

Heuristic vs systematic

38
Q

What is the continuum model (Fiske and Neuberg 1990)?

A

One extreme is heuristic and the other is systematic

People can be perceived anywhere along the continuum either as representatvie of a group or an individual

Social Psychology 1 (9 decks)

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