9. Alcohols & Phenols Flashcards
what are alcohols
contain hydroxyl -OH group
how do you name alcohols
identify longest chain that includes carbon connected to the -OH group
-OH group will receive lowest priority despite presence of double bonds or other alkyl substituents
what is a phenol
-OH group attached directly to a phenyl ring
what is the boiling point of an alcohol compared to its alkane counterpart
higher than alkane
why is the BP of alcohol is much higher than alkane part
hydrogen bonding interactions that occur between alcohol molecules -OH
the more stable the conjugate base the greater/lower the acidity
greater
acidity of compound can be determined by looking at what
stability of its conjugate base
what is an alkoxide ion
conjugate base of an alcohol has negative charge on the oxygen atom
why are alcohols more acidic than alkanes
because negative charge on the oxygen is more stable than the negative charge on a carbon
what are the 2 components that affect the acidity of alcohols and phenols
resonance
induction
what is resonance when determining acidity of alcohols and phenols
presence of resonance increases acidity
what is induction when determining acidity of alcohols and phenols
electronegative atoms can attract - charges towards them leading to stabilization of conjugate bases
e- withdrawing substituents (electronegative) can increase acidity of a nearby atom
more electronegative has what effect on acidity
more acidic
what is another factor that affects acidity of an alcohol in terms of distance
distance between electronegative element and - charge on the O in the conjugate base
how is a Grignard reaction prepared
reaction between alkyl halide (RX) and magnesium
