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? Organic Chemistry > 2. Alkanes > Flashcards

2. Alkanes Flashcards

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1
Q

what atoms do alkanes contain

A

carbons and hydrogen atoms

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2
Q

what kind of hydrocarbons are alkanes

A

saturated

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3
Q

when naming alkanes what are the 2 steps for naming

A
  1. select longest chain and count # of C
  2. number of C determines prefix
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4
Q

what happens if when naming alkanes there are 2 chains of equal length

A

choose chain with greater number of substituents

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5
Q

what is the prefix for alkanes with one C

A

meth-

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6
Q

what is the prefix for alkanes with two C

A

eth-

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7
Q

what is the prefix for alkanes with 3 C

A

prop-

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8
Q

what is the prefix for alkanes with 4 C

A

but-

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9
Q

what is the prefix for alkanes with 5 C

A

pent-

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10
Q

what is the prefix for alkanes with 6 C

A

hex-

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11
Q

what is the prefix for alkanes with 7 C

A

hept-

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12
Q

what is the prefix for alkanes with 8 C

A

oct-

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13
Q

what is the prefix for alkanes with 9 C

A

non-

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14
Q

what is the prefix for alkanes with 10 C

A

dec-

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15
Q

what is the suffix for naming alkanes

A

-ane

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16
Q

what are cycloalkanes

A

Carbon atoms bonded in a cyclical structure

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17
Q

what does the prefix cyclo- indicate

A

the presence of a ring structure

18
Q

what is the name suffix given to the substituents of alkanes

A

-ethyl

19
Q

what end of the parent chain is labelled as the lowest number (1) if one substituent is present

A

the substituent is assigned the lowest number possible

20
Q

what end of the parent chain is labelled as the lowest number (1) if many substituents are present

A

the first substituent receives the lowest number

21
Q

what end of the parent chain is labelled as the lowest number (1) if many substituents are present and there is a tie

A

second substituent is as low as possible

22
Q

what end of the parent chain is labelled as the lowest number (1) if many substituents are present and tied both times

A

lowest number assigned in alphabetical order

23
Q

what is the prefix used to indicate that a substituent appears twice

A

di-

24
Q

what is the prefix used to indicate that a substituent appears 3 times

A

tri-

25
Q

what is the prefix used to indicate that a substituent appears 4 times

A

tetra-

26
Q

what is the prefix used to indicate that a substituent appears 5 times

A

penta-

27
Q

what is the prefix used to indicate that a substituent appears 6 times

A

hexa-

28
Q

what are the 4 steps in naming alkanes

A
  1. identify parent chain
  2. identify and name substituent
  3. number parent chain and assign location of substituents
  4. arrange substituents alphabetically
29
Q

what are the 2 newman projection conformation types

A

staggered and eclipsed

30
Q

which newman projection is highest in energy and what does this mean in terms of stability

A

eclipsed conformation is highest in energy

means it has less stability

31
Q

what 2 conformations can cyclohexane be found in

A

chair and boat

32
Q

at any moment 99% of cyclohexane molecules are found in which conformation

A

chair conformation

33
Q

do chair or boat conformations have more stability and energy

A

chair conformation has lower energy = more stability

34
Q

in the chair conformation the hydrogen atoms that are in the same plane as the ring are ___

A

equatorial

35
Q

in the chair conformation the hydrogen atoms that are perpendicular to the ring are ___

A

axial

36
Q

what process allows the 2 conformations of each chair conformation

A

chair flip

37
Q

what determines which chair conformation is more stable

A

conformation with substituent in the equatorial position is more stable as less steric interactions

38
Q

what is the general formula for alkanes

A

CnH(2n+2)

39
Q

are alkanes soluble in water

A

no

40
Q

what are 2 reactions that alkanes undergo

A

combustion and substitution

41
Q

what two atoms does alkanes undergo substitution with

A

chlorine and bromine

42
Q

in what conditions can alkanes undergo substitution reactions with Br2 and Cl2

A

in UV light

? Organic Chemistry (16 decks)

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