9. Adaptive immunity and vaccines

Question 1

Adaptive response

Answer 1

adaptive and contains immunological memory

Question 2

Lymphatic system

Answer 2

networks of vessels and organs around the body that transport immune cells, pathogens and antigens- this is seperate to the circulartory system

Question 3

Naive B cells

Answer 3

special lymphagoctyes that can be activated and divided into plasma and B memory cells

Question 4

Plasma cells

Answer 4

specialised cells that make antibodies against a specific pathogen

Question 5

B memory cells

Answer 5

specialised cells that remain in the body for a long time and can divide into plasma cells

Question 6

Antibodies

Answer 6

proteins that can attach to specific antigen or pathogen and help destroy it

Question 7

Phagoctyes

Answer 7

cells that can present antigens to the naive B cells to help activate them

Question 8

How do b cells know what antibodies to produce?

Answer 8

humeral response only happens when bacteria, viruses and toxins are out of their host
B cells are produced and mature in the bone marrow
b cells have a specific receptor which can bind them to a certain antigen

Question 9

Humeral response

Answer 9

antigen binds to a b cell with complementary receptor
stimulates B cell to divide into a lot of plasma and b memory cells
plasma cells make antibodies for specific antigen
b memory cells remain in the lymphatic system -> immunological memory

Question 10

How to antibodies destroy pathogens?

Answer 10

designed to attach to specific pathogens
one antibody can attach to two antigens
speeds up phagocytosis

Question 11

immunological memory

Answer 11

when encountering the antigen in the future the response is faster

Question 12

cell mediated response

Answer 12

only works against foreign eukaryotic cells eg cancer, viral infected cells, transplant tissue
T cells are produced in bone marrow
T c cells target pathogen by making it go through apoptosis