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Pediatrics AQ cases > 9 > Flashcards

9 Flashcards

1
Q

Common migraine in child

A

migraine without aura - any part of the head.

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2
Q

What type of HA sx should be concerning of ICP

A

HA after period of laying down (early morning/after a nap), wakes them up, associated vomiting

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3
Q

HA with photophobia and fever = rule out infectious like ______________

A

meningitis, encephalitis, intracranial abscess, sepsis

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4
Q

Can stress in children manifest as somatic symptoms like abdominal pain, chest pain, or headaches?

A

YES

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5
Q

What is Cushing’s triad?

A

Signs of + ICP = HTN, bradycardia, irregular respirations

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6
Q

What do you expect to see with Romberg when there is cerebellar pathology?

A

Romberg test is abnormal (+) with eyes opened and eyes closed.

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7
Q

What can ataxia be a reflection of?

A

Disease of cerebellum, the inner ear, and the dorsal columns (all involved in coordination)

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8
Q

Post infectious cerebellitis

A

Post viral onset of ataxia, vomiting, nystagmus, dysarthria; Self resolves in 3ish months

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9
Q

Fever, mental status change, ataxia

A

infectious cerebellitis - pathogens that cause bacterial meningitis

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10
Q

Opsoclonus-myoclonus- syndrome

A
  • paraneoplastic syndrome (retinoblastoma)
  • ataxia
  • intermittent jerking movements (myoclonus) - erratic conjugate movements of eyes (opsoclonus)
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11
Q

Ataxia with neurodegenerative disease

A

Ataxia-telangiectasia and Friedreich ataxia

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12
Q

Ataxia, vomiting, emesis

A

Could be: MASS, MIGRAINE, MEDS

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13
Q

Basilar migraine

A 
Bilateral transient blindness
Vertigo
Ataxia 
Incoordination of the limbs
Dysarthria
Bilateral limb and perioral paresthesias
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14
Q

Nystagmus

A

CEREBELLAR disease
ddx = tumors, toxins, cerebellitis, MS
*most prominent when looking to side of the lesion

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15
Q

Is an LP contraindicated in a patient with increased intracranial pressure?

A

YES, can lead to brain herniation

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16
Q

What would you expect with a supratentorial lesion?

A

focal motor and sensory abnormalities on the side opposite to the lesion

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17
Q

What is the most common childhood cancer?

A

Leukemia

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18
Q

What is the most common solid tumor in children?

A

Brain tumor

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19
Q

What are some genetic syndromes that predispose you to brain tumors?

A

Tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis, Li-Fraumeni syndrome

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20
Q

What is the most common pediatric brain tumor?

A

Medulloblastoma

21
Q

What is tx of medulloblastoma?

A

Surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy - *has tendency to metastasize

22
Q

Partially cystic brain tumor, good prognosis,

A

Astrocytoma

23
Q

Which domains do we address in development?

A 
Gross motor
Fine motor
Communication 
Personal-social
Problem-solving
24
Q

What to worry about if a baby prefers standing over sitting?

A

Abnormally tight muscles, possibly due to a neuromuscular disorder, like CP

25
Q

Sentence length = ?

A

years old

26
Q

Will attach “mama/dada” to correct person.

Responds to one-step commands.

A

1 yr old

27
Q

What are the minimum recommended ages to screen development?

A

9 and 18 months and at 24 or 30 months

28
Q

When to screen for autism?

A

18 and 24 month visits; use the MCHAT

29
Q

Neurodegenerative diseases causes _______ of milestones

A

regression

30
Q

When does babinski (downgoing of toes) go away?

A

By 2, or when start walking

31
Q

Apgars cannot be used to predict developmental outcome but continue to be useful predicting _______

A

Neonatal survival

32
Q

Associated risk factors with CP

A

Perinatal asphyxia
Chorioamnionitis
Prematurity
Intrauterine growth retardation

33
Q

You have a developmentally delayed child with lethargy, vomiting, coma. What is top of ddx?

A

Inborn errors of metabolism

34
Q

Males with small testes and gynecomastia

A

XXY/Klinefelter

35
Q

Macroorchidism

A

Fragile x

36
Q

What syndromes are commonly associated with intellectual disability

A

Down syndrome
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Fragile X syndrome

37
Q

A kid with Downs has _____ palpebral fissures

A

upslanting

38
Q

What is the std diagnostic test for Downs?

A

Lymphocyte karyotype

39
Q

Are most Downs babies born to women < 35?

A

YES

40
Q

Conditions associated with Downs

A 
Congenital hearing loss
Congenital cataracts
Congenital heart disease
GI atresia (Duodenal atresia) 
Hip dysplasia
41
Q

Do children with Downs have increased risk of hypothyroidism?

A

YES - need to routinely screen

42
Q

What are two antenatal diagnostic tests for Downs?

A

Amniocentesis and CVS

43
Q

Joint laxity, pectus excavatum, flat feet, large ears, large testes

A

Fragile X

44
Q 
Webbed neck
Low ear placement
Edema of the hands and feet
Hyperconvex nails
"Shield" chest
Widely spaced nipples
A

Turner syndrome

45
Q

Trisomy 13

A

Patau

46
Q

Trisomy 18

A

Edwards

47
Q 
Microphthalmia
Microcephaly
Severe intellectual disability
Polydactyly
Cleft lip and palate
Cardiac and renal defects
Umbilical hernias
Cutis aplasia
A

Trisomy 13/Patau

48
Q

Rocker bottom feet

A

Trisomy 15

Pediatrics AQ cases (13 decks)

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