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Pediatrics AQ cases > 12 > Flashcards

12 Flashcards

1
Q

anticonvulsant during pregnancy

A

ardiac defects, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails and distal phalanges, IUGR, and microcephaly

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2
Q

chorioretinitis in newborn

A

congenital toxoplasmosis and CMV infections

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3
Q

newborn with high-pitched cry, tremulousness, hypertonicity, and feeding difficulties

A

maternal heroin use

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4
Q

sensorineural deafness, eye abnormalities (retinopathy, cataracts), and patent ductus arteriosus

A

congenital rubella

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5
Q

microcephaly, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, low birth weight, and petechiae at birth.

A

congenital CMV

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6
Q

vomiting, hypotonia, musty odor, developmental delay, and decreased pigmentation of the hair and eyes.

A

PKU

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7
Q

Marfanoid body habitus, a hypercoaguable state, and possible developmental delay

A

homocystinuria

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8
Q

hepatomegaly, ataxia, seizures, and progressive neurologic degeneration. Fundoscopic exam reveals a “cherry-red” macula.

A

niemann-pick

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9
Q

fetal factors of SGA

A

chromosomal abnormalities
TORCH infections
metabolic disorders
structural defects

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10
Q

GBS + mom chooses not to have ppx abx, What are odds of disease for child?

A

1-2% of infants born to colonized women develop invasive disease (sepsis, pneumonia and meningitis)

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11
Q

Does APGAR predict individual neurologic outcome or mortality?

A

NO

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12
Q

What is term?

A

> 37 weeks

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13
Q

Assymetrical Tonic NEck Reflex

A

Turning the newborn’s head to one side causes gradual extension of arm toward direction of infant’s gaze with contralateral arm flexion–like a
fencer.

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14
Q

If a child has VKDB, when and how do you expect classic presentation?

A

Day 1-7 with Bruising and bleeding from the umbilical cord

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15
Q

able to stoop and recover and walk well, put a block in a cup, have a vocabulary of a few words, wave bye-bye, and drink from a cup`

A

15 mo

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16
Q

can run, scribble, build a tower of 2 cubes, have 3-6 words in her or his vocabulary, and be able to help in the house and remove garments

A

18 mo

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17
Q

can balance on each foot for 1 second, wiggle their thumbs, name 4 pictures, name 1 color, name a friend, and brush their teeth with help.

A

3 years old

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18
Q

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

A

Wilm’s tumor + overgrowth syndrome (large for size, macroglossia, macrocephaly) + omphalocele, hemihypertrophy, hypoglycemia, large for gestational age, and other dysmorphic features.

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19
Q

small blue cells

A

neuroblastoma, Ewing’s sarcoma and medulloblastoma

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20
Q

When to screen for autism

A

18 and 24 mo

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21
Q

When in front seat

A

13 and older

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22
Q

double birth weight

A

at 4 to 5 mo; triple by 1 yr

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23
Q

Cataracts
Glaucoma
Retinoblastoma
Chorioretinitis

A

absent red light reflex

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24
Q

turns towards voice and babbles

A

6 mo

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25
Q

Has a well developed, “neat” pincer grasp

A

1 yr

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26
Q

Stage 4 S Neuroblastoma

A

may spontaneously regress if in child < 1 yr

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27
Q

Elevated catecholamines by Urine or serum VMA/HVA iss seen in what RUQ mass?

A

neuroblastoma

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28
Q

painless mass in the neck, chest, or abdomen

A

neuroblastoma

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29
Q

Being able to jump in place is a ___-month-old milestone

A

30 months!

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30
Q

throw a ball overhand is expected at ___ months of age.

A

24 months

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31
Q

4 year old skills

A

hop on 1 foot, copy a cross, pour/cut/mash their own food, and brush teeth

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32
Q

Throwing a ball overhand, riding a tricycle, building a tower of 6-8 cubes, and copying a circle

A

3 yr old

33
Q

mature pencil grasp, skip, tie a knot

A

5 yr old

34
Q

When to screen vision with chart

A

3

35
Q

Until what height in booster?

A

until they reach a height of 4’ 9” (142 cm).

36
Q

States first and last name
Sings a song
Most speech clearly understandable

A

4 year old

37
Q

Draws a person with > 6 body parts
Prints some letters and numbers
Copies squares and triangles

A

5 years old

38
Q

Common sources of lead exposure

A 
House paint used before 1978 
Soil
Plumbing, pipes
Hobbies, occupational exposures
Imported toys, ceramics, candy, cosmetics
Folk remedies
39
Q

When to screen for anemia?

A

screening for anemia is done at 12 months and again at preschool or kindergarten entry

40
Q

chest pain, cold lower extremities, dizziness, syncope, exercise intolerance, failure to thrive, poor growth, headache, and dyspnea

A

coarctation of the aorta

41
Q

masses associated with catecholamine excess

A

pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma

42
Q

Can ADHD present with motor impairment and emotional labiality?

A

YES

43
Q

inability to conform to societal norms, disregard of the rights of others, and criminality

A

anti-social personality disorder

44
Q

pattern of negativistic, hostile and defiant behavior

A

oppositional defiant disorder

45
Q

prenatal and neonatal risk factors for obesity

A

high birth weight and maternal diabetes

46
Q

displacement of the femoral head from the femoral neck through the physeal plate

A

SCFE -> obese with recent growth spurt

47
Q

antalgic gait + widening of physis on XR

A

SCFE

48
Q

BMI 85% and parent with Type 2 DM. Screen at 10 years old?

A

YES

49
Q

> 99th percentil BP

A

Stage 2 HTN

50
Q

Can Placement of an umbilical arterial or venous line during the perinatal period may predispose to renal vascular disease?

A

YES

51
Q

What is inheritance of von Willebrand disease?

A

AD

52
Q

No breast glandular tissue and no pubic hair

A

Tanner I

53
Q

pubic hair across mons pubis

A

Tanner IV

54
Q

pubic hair extends to the medial surface of the thighs

A

Tanner V

55
Q

Order of development for girls

A

breast bud -> pubic hair -> growth spurt -> menarche

56
Q

Which electrolyte abnormalities in anorexia lead to compromised cardiac function

A

calcium and magnesiu

57
Q

Ecchymoses (small hematomas in areas of trauma)
Epistaxis
Menorrhagia (why vWD is diagnosed more often in women than men)
Bleeding post-to

A

vWD, AD inheritance, desmopressin for tx

58
Q

_______ syndrome can cause syncopal episodes in late childhood or adolescence.

A

Long QT, puts at risk of ventricular fibrilliation and other arrhythmias

59
Q

Positive family history for young cardiac death

A

get ecg and refer to cardiology

60
Q

sudden, sporadic onset of sharp pain, usually along the left sternal border, which is often
exacerbated with deep inspiration

A

precordial catch syndrome, benign so reassure pt

61
Q

Small amount of fine hair along the base of scrotum

and phallus

A

Tanner 2

62
Q

Adult-type hair extending to medial surface of thighs

A

Tanner 5

63
Q

When Men B given?

A

One dose at 16

64
Q

When MCV4?

A

11 and 16

65
Q

Which murmurs need further evaluation?

A

Louder than grade III/VI
Any diastolic murmur
Any murmur that increases with standing or Valsalva

66
Q

ECG for all patients with syncope?

A

YES

67
Q

How to exclude HCM?

A

Echo – sometimes ECG doesn’t reveal

68
Q

premature, tachypnea, grunting

A

RDS

69
Q

tachypnea in IDM or c-section baby, residual fluid in lungs, self-resolves

A

TTN

70
Q

premature and ground glass appearance of lungs on XR

A

RDS

71
Q

atelectasis, inflammation, or pulmonary edema and prolonged ventilation

A

bronchopulmonary dysplasia

72
Q

Newborn > 90th percentile

A

LGA

73
Q

delayed lung maturation, increased insulin in DM mothers delays surfactant production

A

RDS

74
Q

combination of whey proteins (70%) and casein (30%

A

human milk

75
Q

jaundice, dark urine, and acholic (pale) stools between 3 and 6 weeks of age

A

biliary atresia

76
Q

feeding problems, large fontanelles, hypotonia, large tongue, coarse cry, and frequently an umbilical hernia

A

congenital hypothyroidism; usually shows up at 6 weeks once moms thyroid leaves the body

77
Q

bulging fontanelles

A

Meningitis
Hydrocephalus
Subdural hematoma
Lead poisoning

78
Q

virilized female with hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, dehydration, shock

A

CAH

79
Q 
Feeding problems
Decreased activity
Constipation
Prolonged jaundice
Skin mottling
Umbilical hernia
A

congenital hypothyroidism

Pediatrics AQ cases (13 decks)

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