Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatrics AQ cases > 3 > Flashcards

3 Flashcards

1
Q

XR of a newborn with increased respiratory effort shows “wet” looking lungs, no consolidation, and no air bronchograms.. What is the cause?

A

TTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

I say “ground glass” CXR, you say….

A

RDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which side do diaphragmatic hernias typically occur?

A

L - causes hear to be pushed to R and constricts lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What needs to be ruled out before preterm babies can go home?

A 
Hypothermia
Hypoglycemia
Respiratory distress
Apnea
Hyperbilirubinemia
Feeding difficulty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is cut off for hypoglycemia?

A

45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When do blood sugars typically fall and rise in neonatal period?

A

Fall first 1-2 hrs neonatal after placenta separates, then reaches stable point at 3-4 hrs (65-71)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hips?

A 
Breech position (30-50% of DDH cases occur in infants born in the breech position)
Gender (9:1 female predominance)
Family history
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What supplement should exclusively breast fed babies get?

A

400 U Vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What’s on your differential for a baby with low temp?

A

sepsis, disorders of metabolic function, and abnormal brain thermoregulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is about average for breast feeding of neonate?

A

every 2-3 hours for 10-15 minutes per breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many wet diapers per day indicates adequate breast feeding?

A

> 6 per day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do seizures manifest in young infants?

A

often subtle and may manifest as jerking or horizontal deviation of the eyes; blinking or fluttering of the eyelids; drooling, sucking, or lip smacking; tonic posturing of a limb; or apnea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do we screen for “critical congenital heart diseases” following birth?

A

pulse oximetry to screen for “critical” cardiac defects, i.e. those that typically require surgery or cardiac catheterization in the first year of life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A baby girl failed hearing exam at the hopsital. when to repeat?

A

At 3 mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How would a baby with congenital adrenal hyperplasia present?

A

decreased activity, virilized genitalia in female baby, poor weight gain; newborn screen measure 17-OH-Progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When does polycythemia of newborn typically occur?

A

In first few hours of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When would you see following constellation of sx?

Feeding problems
Decreased activity
Constipation
Prolonged jaundice
Skin mottling
Umbilical hernia
A

Congenital hypothyroidism

18
Q

If a newborn has an inborn error of metabolism, what is the eventual risk?

A

progressive encephalopathy

19
Q

When may you see large fontanelles?

A

Skeletal disorders (e.g., rickets, osteogenesis imperfecta)
Chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., Down syndrome)
Hypothyroidism
Malnutrition
Increased intracranial pressure

20
Q

When may you see small fontanelles?

A

Microcephaly
Craniosynostosis
Hyperthyroidism
A normal variant

21
Q

Meningitis, hydrocephalus, subdural hematoma, and lead poisoning may all lead to increased intracranial pressure and _______ fontanelles

A

BULGING = meningitis, hydro, subdural hematoma, lead poisoning

22
Q

In which patients are umbilical hernias more common?

A

premature infants and congenital hypothyroidism

23
Q

Newborn has Hypotonia, large fontanelles, an umbilical hernia, and jaundice - what is likely diagnosis?

A

Congenital hypothyroidism

24
Q

What electrolytes to look to in evaluated CAH?

A

Potassium (high), sodium (low) –> follow up with 17 OH Progesterone

25
Q

If you suspect a child has an inborn error of metabolism, what lab should you look at?

A

Ammonia

26
Q

What level of bili poses risk of bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction?

A

TsB > 25

27
Q

If a newborn has delay in diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism, what signs may it develop?

A

large tongue, hoarse cry and puffy myxedematous facies

28
Q

I say albinism, musty order, failure to meet milestones, seizures – you say…

A

PKU

29
Q

What is fever without a source?

A

when a complete history has been obtained and a detailed physical examination performed, and there is no identified source of the child’s fever.

30
Q

Fever in newborn. What is on your ddx?

A 
viral syndrome 
Urinary tract infection (UTI) - most common
Meningitis
Sepsis/Bacteremia
Pneumonia
Bacterial gastroenteritis
Osteomyelitis
Septic arthritis
31
Q

What sx indicate meningitis as cause of infant fever?

A 
Fever
Hypothermia
Bulging fontanelles
Lethargy
Irritability
Restlessness
Paroxysmal crying (crying when picked up)
Poor feeding
Vomiting and/or
Diarrhea
32
Q

What is kernigs sign?

A

For meningitis - Severe stiffness of the hamstrings causes an inability to straighten the leg when the hip is flexed to 90 degrees.

33
Q

What is brudzinski sign?

A

For meningitis - severe neck stiffness causes a patient’s hips and knees to flex when the neck is flexed.

34
Q

What labs is CSF sent for in LP evaluation of fever in infant?

A

gram stain, cell counts, chemistries, and culture

35
Q

What do you expect the glucose and protein to be in CSF of bacterial meningitis?

A

Bacterial meningitis =
Glucose LOW
Protein HIGH
(both would be normal in viral meningitis)

36
Q

Why do we look for nitrites as sign of infection in urine?

A

Gram negative bacteria which normally cause UTIs have capacity to convert nitrates to nitrites

37
Q

How is leukocyte esterase helpful in dip for UTI?

A

byproduct of leukocyte breakdown, thus indicates presence of leukocytes and infection

38
Q

List 4 oral abx appropriate in UTI tx

A

Cephalexin/Keflex
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
Nitrofurantoin
Amoxicillin/Clavulonate (augmentin)

39
Q

What is the use of a voiding cystourethrogram?

A

Demonstrates presence of vesicoureteral reflux, an important risk factor for recurrences of urinary tract infections

40
Q

After infant has febrile UTI, what should be examined?

A

US of bladder and kidneys to screen for abnormalities

Pediatrics AQ cases (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions