9-4 IMM Cytokines

Question 1

When are cytokines produced?

Answer 1

In response to an antigen

Question 2

Why are cytokines produced?

Answer 2

To bind to specific cytokine receptors on other cells of the immune system and influence their activity

Question 3

What cells produce cytokines?

Answer 3

Essentially all cells involved in innate and adaptive immunity but especially T helper lymphocytes

Question 4

Cytokines are… (3 characteristics)

Answer 4

Pleiotropic: one cytokine can act on a number of different cell types, not just one type
Redundant: number of different cytokines can carry out the same function
Multifunctional: same cytokine can regulate many different functions

Question 5

Four functional categories of cytokines

Answer 5

1) regulate innate immunity
2) regulate adaptive immunity
3) act as chemokines to direct cell migration
4) stimulate hematopoiesis

Question 6

Cytokines of innate immunity

Answer 6

TNF
IL-1, 6, 10, 12, 15, 18
Chemokines
IFN-alpha, beta, gamma
TGF-beta

Question 7

Cytokines of adaptive immunity

Answer 7

IL-2, 4, 5, 17, 22
IFN-gamma*
TGF-beta*

*adaptive and innate

Question 8

Important chemokines

Answer 8

• IL-8: recruits neutrophils
• MIP-2: recruits naive T cells
• MCP-1: recruits macrophages

Question 9

IL-3 role in hematopoiesis

Answer 9

supports growth of multilineage bone marrow stem cells

Question 10

CSF (colony-stimulating factors)

Answer 10

promote production of colonies of different leukocytes in the bone marrow

Question 11

IL-7 role in hematopoiesis

Answer 11

survival and proliferation of immature B and T lymphocyte precursors

Question 12

Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 12

Biologics - selectively inhibit a proinflammatory cytokine and/or block its receptor
- Humira (Adalimumab) and Enbrel (Etanercept)