9-4 IMM Acute and Chronic Inflammation

Question 1

Inflammation definition

Answer 1

• reaction of tissue and its microcirculation to pathogenic insult
• generation of inflammatory mediators
• movement of fluid and leukocytes from blood into extravascular tissue

Question 2

Inflammation purpose

Answer 2

• localize and eliminate cause of pathogenic insut
• limit tissue injury
• remove or repair injured tissue components
• restoration of normal physiology

Question 3

Acute inflammation cell dominance

Answer 3

Neutrophil

Question 4

Chronic inflammation cell dominance

Answer 4

Mononuclear cell predominance

Question 5

Causes of acute inflammation

Answer 5

• microbial infections
• tissue necrosis
• physical agents
• chemical irritants
• immune-mediated hypersensitivity

Question 6

Causes of chronic inflammation

Answer 6

• persistent tissue injury and acute inflammation
• microorganisms resistant to phagocytosis (mycobacterium, viruses, fungi, some parasites)
• foreign bodies
• autoimmune disorders
• primary granulomatous diseases

Question 7

Signs of inflammation

Answer 7

• rubor (redness)
• tubor (swelling)
• calor (heat)
• dolor (pain)
• loss of function

Question 8

Beginning of phagocytosis (phagosome formation)

Answer 8

bacteria bound by C3b and Fc receptors

Question 9

Phagocytic cell oxidative burst order of events

Answer 9

1) Oxygen to superoxide anion by NADPH oxidase
2) Superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide by superoxide dismutase
3) Hydrogen peroxide to hydroxyl radical and hypochlorous acid which kill ingested organism

Question 10

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)

Answer 10

Inherited disorder where phagosomes can’t produce superoxide anion (O2-) and thus unable to kill microbes

Question 11

Acute inflammatory response

Answer 11

• vasodilation resulting in increased blood flow causing redness and edema
• activation of humoral mediators causing pain, exudation of plasma cells and transmigration of neutrophils

Question 12

Chronic inflammatory response

Answer 12

• influx of mononuclear leukocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, plasma cells)
• increased extracellular matrix (collagen)

Question 13

What is not considered a purpose on inflammation?

a) generate inflammatory mediators
b) localize/eliminate pathogenic insult
c) promote local tissue damage
d) repair injured tissue compartment
e) restore normal physiology

Answer 13

C) promote local tissue damage

Question 14

When compared to monocytes/macrophages, what is most appropriate when describing neutrophils?

a) are longer lived
b) controls mycobacterium tuberculosis
c) communicates with T-cells
d) antigen-presenting cell with MHC class II receptors
e) first to extravascular space in response to infection

Answer 14

E) first to extravascular space in response to infection

Question 15

In oxygen dependent killing of neutrophils, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, are generated by which enzymes?

a) catalase and lysozyme
b) glutathione peroxidase and sulfhydryl oxidase
c) lactoferrin and gelatinase
d) myeloperoxidase and flavin reductase
e) NADPH oxidase and superoxide dismutase

Answer 15

E) NADPH oxidase and superoxide dismutase