9-13 Flashcards
Dependency versus delinquency
Dep:children and youth who may be abused, neglected, truant or status offenders under the law.
Del: an act committed by a juvenile that is designated as a crime under the law.
Which Amendments of the Bill of Rights apply to juveniles
Right to counsel (6), freedom from self-incrimination(5), right to confront and cross-examine witness (6)
Intensive supervision
a control-based approach to community supervision (probation or parole)
offenders report more frequently to their supervision officers.
restorative justice
strategies that make the justice system a healing process rather than a punishment process.
Restitution
compensation for loss paid by a criminal to a victim that is ordered as part of a criminal sentence or as a condition of probation
Restitution can be made
Restitution can be made financially, through direct service to the victim, or through service to the community.
Diversion program
diversion programs redirect youthful offenders from the justice system through programming, supervision, and supports
Intermediate programs for juveniles
alternative paths to rehabilitation for non-violent offenders.
ex: electronic monitoring, house arrest, drug and alcohol testing, intensive supervision, community service
Goals of training schools
Through education at juvenile training schools, juveniles look at their own problems, improve and return to society
School drop out factors
bad grades/gpa, no support, social/family issues
In loco parentis re: schools
In the place of the parent; rights given to schools that allow them to assume parental duties in disciplining students
types of short-term confinement centers
Detention Centers
Shelter Care Facilities
Boot Camp
Reception & Diagnostic Centers
Ranches & Forestry Camps
Goals for juveniles being held
skill development, habilitation, rehabilitation, addressing treatment needs, and successful reintegration of youth into the community
A suspect’s age must be considered in determining whether a confession was freely given and whether they believed they were in custody.
J.D.B. v. North Carolina
in RE Winship
the amount of proof required in juvenile delinquency adjudications is “beyond a reasonable doubt”
established that a child has due process constitutional rights in delinquency adjudication proceedings
In re gault
trial by jury in a juvenile court’s adjudicative stage is not a constitutional requirement
mckeiver v. PA
school does not violate the Fourth Amendment when it chooses to randomly test children participating in its athletic programs for controlled substances.
Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton
Safford Unified School District v. Redding
strip search of teenagers violated 4th amendment because lack of probable cause
the student’s speech “foreseeably create[d] a risk of substantial disruption within the school environment,” which in that case allowed the school to regulate off-campus speech.
Doninger v. Nichoff
Gregg v. Georgia
This case established a constitutional basis for the death penalty, but also established limits to how it could be carried out.
established the standard of reasonableness for searches of students conducted by public school officials in a school environment.
NJ v. TLO
Breed v. Jones
the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles are protected against double jeopardy.
established ground rules for determining whether a juvenile has knowingly and voluntarily waived his or her rights.
Fare v. Michael C.
List six of the drugs that high-risk juveniles use
marijuana and hashish
cocaine and crack
alcohol and tobacco
methamphetamine
inhalants
sedatives
stimulants (amphetamines and hallucinogens)
heroin
anabolic steroids
gateway drugs
Types of crimes youths likely to commit when using drugs
commit property and violent crimes,
robberies/assaults and felony thefts/drug sales
