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MSK I - Exam 2 > 9/11 Dennis_PPT_Cartilage > Flashcards

9/11 Dennis_PPT_Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

Overview of Cartilage

  • Semi-rigid tissue comprised of cells & extracellular matrix
  • ECM containing ____& _____ fibers
  • Crucial to the survival of _____
  • Flexible & resilient support
  • No nerve supply or lymphatics
  • Avascular
A

collagen and elastic

chondrocytes

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2
Q

Cartilage Components

what are the two component cells?

A
  • Chondroblasts (immature): cells that secrete cartilage matrix - Mitotic capabilities
  • Chondrocytes: mature cartilage cells in lacunae - Surrounded by & maintain matrix
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3
Q

cartilage components

what three elements in the matrix?

A
  • Compartmentalized: territorial vs. interterritorial matrix
  • Fibers: • Type II collagen is predominant • Type I collagen is present in fibrocartilage & outer perichondrium • Elastin fibers in elastic cartilage
  • Ground substance, composed of proteoglycans: • Hyaluronic acid • Chondroitin sulfate • Keratin sulfate • Aggrecan
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4
Q

Three types of cartilages?

A
  1. Hyaline: • Surrounded by perichondrium • Contains type II collagen • Location: articular cartilage, larynx, trachea, ribs, embryonic development
  2. Elastic (hyalin + elastic fibers): • Surrounded by perichondrium • Contains type II collagen • Location: external ear, epiglottis, auditory tube
  3. Fibrocartilage: • Lacks a perichondrium • Contains type I collagen (high impact) • Location: intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, TMJ
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5
Q

hyalin cartilage

  • Chondrocytes can be found in _____ groups
  • Gel-like substance
  • Amorphous, but homogeneous
  • Surrounded by perichondrium • **Articular cartilages lack perichondrium**
A

isogenous

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6
Q

cartilage matrix

  • ______matrix: moderately staining, consists of type II collagen randomly arranged • High GAGs • Decreased collagen
  • ____matrix: surrounds the territorial matrix • Less intensely staining • More collagen II, fewer proteoglycans
A

Territorial

Interterritorial

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7
Q

An isogenous group (lat. “equal origin”) is a cluster of chondrocytes, all formed through division of a single progenitor cell, found in hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage, growing by interstitial growth.

A
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8
Q

The Growing Skeleton

A
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9
Q

Perichondrium

  • Dense _____ CT
  • Contains ____ supply
  • ____& ____ cartilage only
  • Source of ______ cells
A

irregular

vascular

Hyaline & elastic

new cartilage

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10
Q

There are two layers of perichondrium?

A
  1. Fibrous layer: outer layer that produces type I collagen & elastin • Transitional zone between cartilage & surrounding general CT

There are vascular running through the layer

  1. Chondrogenic layer: inner layer that differentiates into chondroblasts • Secretes type II collagen
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11
Q

Elastic Cartilage

  • Components of ____cartilage PLUS ____ fibers within the matrix • Orcein or resorcinfuchsin stains
  • Elastic fibers allow for recoil/rebound
  • Retains shape after deformation
  • Surrounded by ______
A

hyaline and elastic

perichondrium

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12
Q

Fibrocartilage

  • Combination of ____ cartilage & _____ CT • Type I & type II collagen • Less cartilage matrix • Lacks a perichondrium
  • Chondrocytes are aligned in rows & isogenous groups
  • Fibers oriented in the direction of functional stress
  • Withstands compression & shearing forces
A

hyaline and dense regular

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13
Q

Chrondrogenesis, two types of growths?

A

Appositional Growth and Interstitial Growth

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14
Q

Appositional Growth

where does it grow on?

A
  • Forms new cartilage on surface of existing cartilage
  • Chondrogenic cells located within inner layer of perichondrium • Produce type I collagen
  • After growth initiated, cells → chondroblasts → secrete type II collagen II & ground substance
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15
Q

Interstitial Growth

where does it happen?

A
  • Takes place within a cartilage mass
  • Chondrocytes divide within lacunae, creating new isogenous groups • Secrete more matrix • Divides daughter cells • Increases mass of cartilage
  • Limited by avascular nature
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16
Q

Cartilage Repair

  • Limited repair capacity, due to ____ nature
  • Repair cartilage forms when perichondrium is involved • Matrix composition intermediate of hyaline & fibrous cartilage • Contains types I & II collagen • Can stimulate bone growth
  • Facilitates the healing of a bone fracture
  • Repair is _____
A

avascular

age-dependent

17
Q

Joints

  • An articulation, or joint, is the place where a bone meets another bone, cartilage, or teeth
  • Anatomical vs. physiological classification
  • Stability compromises _____
A

mobility

18
Q

Synovial Joints

articular capsule, what is the CT type for the outer fibrous layer?

A

dense regular CT

19
Q

synovial joint

A
20
Q

Synoviocytes

Two types of synovial cells?

A
  • Type A Macrophage-like synovial cells • Phagocytic • Contain lysosomes to clear articular cavity of debris formed by friction of articular cartilages • 25% of cells lining the synovium • Regulate inflammatory events
  • Type B Fibroblast-like synovial cells • Produce synovial fluid (plasma filtrate) • Produce hyaluronate that combines with synovial fluid (via H2O) • Lubricates/nourishes the articular cartilage
21
Q

Articular Cartilage

  • Collagen fibers run ______ to the tissue surface & bend gradually to form an arc
  • Distinct layering
  • Superficial (tangential) zone • Intermediate (transitional) zone • Deep (radial) zone • Calcified zone
A

perpendicular

22
Q

what are the four layers in the articular cartilage?

A

superficial

intermediate

deep

calcified

23
Q
A
24
Q

Osteoarthritis

  • Degenerative joint disease
  • Pathogenesis of osteoarthritis is unknown, but is related to ____& injury of ____
  • Characterized by: • Chronic joint pain • Various degrees of joint deformity & destruction of the articular cartilage
  • Commonly affects weight-bearing joints: hips, knees, lower lumbar vertebra, joints of the hand & foot
  • Early stages: ____ layer of the articular cartilage is disrupted
  • Late stages: destruction of the cartilage extends to the bone, where the exposed ____ bone becomes a new articular surface
  • Progressive reduction of mobility & increased pain
A

aging and articular cartilage

superficial

subchondral

25
Q

summary

A

MSK I - Exam 2 (20 decks)

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