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Neurobiology 1 > 9-1 > Flashcards

9-1 Flashcards

1
Q

Vestibular system function

A

Provide brain with information about motion, head position, and spatial orientation

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2
Q

What system does the vestibular system work with

A

Visual

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3
Q

Bodies moving in 3D have —- degrees of freedom

A

6

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4
Q

Types of degrees of freedom

A

Translational and rotational

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5
Q

Moving in x, y, and z axis

A

Translational

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6
Q

Rotational

A

Roll, pitch, yaw

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7
Q

Pitch

A

Rotation around y axis

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8
Q

Example of pitch

A

Chin touching the chest bone and back

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9
Q

Roll

A

Rotation around the x axis

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10
Q

Example of roll

A

Ears touching the shoulder

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11
Q

Yaw

A

Rotational around the z axis

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12
Q

Example of yaw

A

Chin moving left and right

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13
Q

The labyrinth

A

Tubes of the vestibular system that form vestibular sensors

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14
Q

Parts of the labyrinth

A

Otolith organs and semicircular canals

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15
Q

How many semicircular canals are there

A

3

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16
Q

Otolith organs purpose

A

Translational movements/acceleration

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17
Q

Otolith organs

A

Utricle and saccule

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18
Q

Semicircular canals

A

Rotational movements and accelerations

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19
Q

Ganglion of the vestibular system

A

Scarpas ganglion

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20
Q

Where are hair cells located

A

Utricle, saccule, and ampullae

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21
Q

Ampullae

A

Bulging in semicircular canals

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22
Q

Canal reuniens

A

Connect cochlea to labyrinth

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23
Q

Vestibular nerve number

A

VIII

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24
Q

What does the vestibular part join with to form cranial nerve VIII

A

Auditory part

25
Q

What are endolymphatic sac and duct responsible for

A

Regulation of volume and pressure of endolymph, waste removal, and immune response

26
Q

Ménière’s disease

A

Endolymph buildup interferes with normal balance and hearing signals between the inner ear and brain (causes vertigo)

27
Q

What structure comes from the same embroyonic tissue as the labyrinth

A

Cochlea

28
Q

What are the cochlea and labyrinth filled with

A

Endolymph

29
Q

Purpose of endolymph

A

Bathes hair cells

30
Q

What converts gravitational force into action potential

A

Hair cells

31
Q

Where do hair cells face in the ampulla

A

All same direction

32
Q

Where do hair cells face in the sacculus

A

Away from each other on opposite sides of the midline

33
Q

Where do hair cells face in the utricle

A

Towards each other on opposite sides of the midline

34
Q

Ampulla movement

A

Head rotation

35
Q

Sacculus movement

A

Translation horizontal

36
Q

Utricle movement

A

Translation verticals

37
Q

Where is the ampulla located

A

Base of the semicircular canal

38
Q

Maculae

A

Sensory epithelium in the utricle and sacculus

39
Q

When is activated when moving in the z axis

A

Sacculus and utricle

40
Q

What is activated when tilting head forward and backwards (x)

A

Sacculus

41
Q

What is activated when looking up and down (y)

A

Utricle

42
Q

Midline of utricle and sacculus

A

Striola

43
Q

Macula

A

Reticular membrane and supporting cells

44
Q

What is underneath the supporting cells

A

Epithelium

45
Q

Where are the hair cell bodies located

A

Macula

46
Q

Where are the stereocilia located

A

gelatinous layer

47
Q

What is on top of the gelatinous layer

A

Otolithic membrane

48
Q

Otoconia

A

Ear stones

49
Q

What happens to the stones when the head is tilted

A

Stones move towards the direction of the tilt

50
Q

What happens when the stones move

A

Stereocilia bend (kinocilia bends in opposite directions on either side)

51
Q

Sensory epithelium in the utricle and saccule

A

Macule

52
Q

When hair cells are depolarized on one side, they are ____ on the other side

A

Hyperpolarized

53
Q

Hair cell will ____ when short stereocilia move towards the kinocilia

A

Depolarize

54
Q

Hair cell will ____ when kinocilia moves towards the short kinocilia

A

Hyperpolarize

55
Q

What happens when the hair cell depolarizes

A

K+ enters, Ca2+ channels open, AP sent to the brain

56
Q

Sustained head tilt

A

Info to the brain will be sustained

57
Q

No head tilt, transient

A

Moment when acceleration starts, not sustained. Quickly goes back to normal

58
Q

Why is there a high basal level of firing

A

Needs to be able to drop when hyperpolarizing (cant drop below zero)

Neurobiology 1 (4 decks)

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