Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurobiology 1 > 10-1 > Flashcards

10-1 Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical senses

A
  1. Olfaction
  2. Vomeronasal
  3. Gustatory
  4. Trigeminal Chemosensory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Olfaction

A

Smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Vomeronasal

A

Pheromone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gustatory

A

Taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Trigeminal Chemosensory

A

Noxious molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

All 4 chemical senses can detect _____

A

Noxious molecules/irritants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Stimuli of olfaction

A

Odorants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does olfaction help us identify food vs. noxious substances

A

Foods infected with bacteria have a smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Olfaction influences:

A

Reproduction, social interaction defensive responses, and feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Vomeronasal is closely associated with ____

A

Olfaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the vomeronasal system detect

A

Airborne odors produced by predators, prey, and potential mates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What animals have a vomeronasal system

A

Most mammals (not humans)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What detects food taste

A

Receptors in the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Stimuli of gustatory system

A

Tastants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most foods are soluble in ___ or___

A

Water or fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the trigeminal chemosensory system detect

A

Noxious molecules that can cause AP in all senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Odorant

A

Chemical with a smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Concentration of water soluble needed to smell

A

High concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Concentration of fat soluble needed to smell

A

Low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How are odors grouped

A

By whether they are water or fat soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why can you smell lipid soluble smells at a lower concentration

A

Mucus is a fatty lipid-based solution that mixes with lipids in the nose. Smell sticks to the mucus and stays there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Discrimination

A

Being able to differentiate between different odors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ansomia

A

Loss of olfactory sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the first sense we lose

A

Smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is loss of smell used to diagnose

A

Alzheimers, Parkinsons and MS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

____ is associated with anosmia

A

Aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Olfactory test

A

Close eyes and smell 7 scents. Normal people will get 90% correct, and anosmic people will get 50% correct

28
Q

Reasons for anosmia in aging people

A
  1. Destruction of neurons in the nose

2. Part of the brain that processes smell may not work

29
Q

Parts of the brain that process olfactory info

A

Orbitofrontal and media cerebral cortex

30
Q

Why is olfactory activity lower in the aging brain

A
  1. Not much info coming from the nose

2. Neurons lost in this part of the brain

31
Q

Nair

A

Where air enters the nose

32
Q

Center bone of the nose

A

Nasal septum

33
Q

Olfactory turbinates

A

Bones of the nose on both sides of the septum

34
Q

Parts of the turbinates

A
  1. Superior
  2. Middle
  3. Inferior
35
Q

Epithelium found in front where air is entering the nose

A

Respiratory epithelium

36
Q

Where is epithelium in those nose

A

Smeared on top of the turbinates

37
Q

What is thinner: respiratory or olfactory epithelium

A

Respiratory

38
Q

Where are olfactory receptors located

A

In the olfactory neuron of the olfactory epithelium

39
Q

Brain is separated from the turbinate by a bone called _____

A

Cribriform plate

40
Q

What bone is the cribriform plate part of

A

Ethamoid bone

41
Q

How do olfactory neurons get through the cribriform plate and go to the olfactory bulb

A

It is perforated (has holes)

42
Q

What does the short axon of the bipolar olfactory neuron end in

A

Olfactory knob

43
Q

Where does the long axon of the bipolar olfactory neuron go

A

Through the cribriform plate

44
Q

Where on the olfactory neuron are the receptors

A

Olfactory cilia

45
Q

How is the olfactory nerve I formed

A

Long axons bundle and go up to the olfactory bulb

46
Q

Bowman’s gland

A

Produces mucus

47
Q

Another name for mature olfactory receptor neurons

A

Sensory neurons

48
Q

Why are mature olfactory receptor neurons considered OMP+

A

They produce the olfactory marker protein

49
Q

Another name for supporting cells

A

Sustentacular cells

50
Q

Why dont immature developing olfactory receptor neurons produce OMP

A

OMP is only made when the axon connects to the olfactory bulb

51
Q

What is OMP a marker for

A

MATURE olfactory neurons

52
Q

What cells divide to make the immature neuron

A

Basal cells

53
Q

Why are there olfactory cilia

A

Increase surface area (can hold more receptors)

54
Q

How long do olfactory receptor neurons live

A

30-60 days

55
Q

Function of supporting cells

A

Protect olfactory receptor neurons from chemicals (deactivate chemicals, kill virus/bacteria), maintain homeostasis, and clean environment

56
Q

Why is the sense of smell reduced when the nose is dry

A

Not much mucus to bind odorants

57
Q

What is used to kill olfactory neurons in experiments

A

Zinc sulfate

58
Q

Zinc sulfate does not kill ___

A

Basal cells

59
Q

How long does it take to regenerate olfactory receptor neurons

A

21 days

60
Q

How many genes make odorant receptors

A

1,000

61
Q

How are genes for odorants made

A

Switching out amino acids

62
Q

What happens when odorants are put on the cell body

A

Nothing. This proves that the receptors are on the cilia

63
Q

What happens when odorants are put on the cilia

A

Depolrization –> taken to olfactory bulb

64
Q

How many transmembrane domains of the odorant receptor

A

7

65
Q

What type of receptor is the odorant receptor

A

G-protein coupled receptor

66
Q

Where is adenylyl cyclase found

A

Knob

67
Q

How many odorant receptor types per neuron

A

Some have one, some have many

Neurobiology 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions