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Science 8 Cards > 8A: Mix and Flow of Matter > Flashcards

8A: Mix and Flow of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

WHMIS =?????????

A

Workplace

Hazardous

Material

Information

System

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2
Q

MSDS=????

What type of information would you find on them?

A

Material Safety Data Sheets

These sheets provide helpful information on how to use, store, transport, and react to chemicals if an accident were to occur.

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3
Q

What does this WHMIS symbol represent?

A

Compressed Gas

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4
Q

What does this WHMIS symbol represent?

A

Flammable and Combustable Material

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5
Q

What does this WHMIS symbol represent?

A

Oxidizing Material

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6
Q

What does this WHMIS symbol represent?

A

Biohazardous Material

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7
Q

What does this WHMIS symbol represent?

A

Dangerously REACTIVE material

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8
Q

What does this WHMIS symbol represent?

A

Corrosive Material

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9
Q

What does this WHMIS symbol represent?

A

Poisonous and Infectious

Causing IMMEDIATE & SERIOUS effects

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10
Q

What does this WHMIS symbol represent?

A

Poisonous and Infectious

Causing TOXIC/OTHER & LONG TERM effects

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11
Q

Can you describe four main points of the PARTICLE MODEL OF MATTER?

A

This model consists of four main points:

  1. All matter is made up of tiny particles
  2. There is space between these particles
  3. Those particles are always moving
  4. The particles may be attracted or bonded to each other.
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12
Q

How can you distinguish a pure substance from a mixture?

A

A pure substance cannot be broken down into more basic components and separated. A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that is not combined at a molecular level.

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13
Q

What is a good example of a mechanical mixture and why?

A
  • Trail Mix
  • Bird Seed
  • Macaroni Salad
  • Chocolate Chip Cookies

These are good examples of a mechanical mixture because they are heterogenous and can be easily separated into different components, even by hand in some cases.

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14
Q

What is a good definition of a solution? Can you think of two examples of solutions?

A

A solution is a mixture where one substance dissolves into another. For example, lemonade and iced tea are both examples of solutions. In addition, soda will have carbonation or diissolved gases in them.

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15
Q

Distinguish between a solute and a solvent. Provide an example.

A

Solute= IS DISSOLVED

Solvent=DOES THE DISSOLVING

For example, if I were to make hot chocolate in milk, the powder acts as a solute and the milk would be the solvent since it is dissolving the powder.

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16
Q

Cloudy mixtures can be classified as suspensions or colloids. How can you tell the difference between each type of mixture based on appearance?

A
  • When mixed, the substances in a suspension will separate from one another. This is usually due to different densities. In addition, suspensions are easy to filter/separate since the particles are “suspended”.
  • Colloids are difficult to separate, and they are acloudy mixture that scatters light. This is due to the light being reflected diffusely, and refracted throughout the mixture.
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17
Q

A saturated solution is a mixture where _______.

How can you tell if a solution has become saturated?

A

No more solute can be dissolved in a given volume of solvent.

  • You will often see solid solute particles settled at the bottom.
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18
Q

What is solubility?

A

Solubility refers to the exact point at which a solution becomes saturated at a given volume and temperature.

ex) 25g of potassium nitrate in 100ml of water at 25 degrees Celcius.

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19
Q

A student dissolves 10 g of salt in 50 mL of water. Another student dissolves 25 g of salt in 100 mL of water. Which solution is more concentrated? How can you tell?

A

10g/50ml= 0.20g/ml

25g/100ml= 0.25g/ml

-The 25g in 100ml is more concentrated because it contains more solute per solvent. (0.25g/ml)

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20
Q

Olivia dissolves 40ml of iced tea powder in 150ml of cold water. Gracie doesn’t like that idea. Instead she decides to dissolve 500ml of iced tea in 2000ml of water.

  1. What is the solute they are using?
  2. What is the solvent they are using?
  3. Who will make more iced tea?
  4. Which person will have the solution with the highest concentration?
A
  1. Iced tea powder
  2. Cold Water
  3. Gracie (larger volume)
  4. 40g/150ml=27g/ml or 500g/2000ml=0.25g/ml
  • Olivia’s solution will be more concentrated at 27g/ml.
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21
Q

What are 3 factors that affect the SOLUBILITY of a solution?

A
  1. Type of solute
  2. Type of solvent
  3. Temperature
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22
Q

What are 3 factors that affect the RATE at which a substance DISSOLVES?

A
  1. Temperature
  2. Size of Pieces/Particles
  3. Stirring/Agitation
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23
Q

Density can be defined as ________.

A

The amount of matter(mass) in a specific volume.

Density is often measured as: mass/volume

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24
Q

Joe uses a beaker that has a mass of 75.0 g in a density experiment. He puts 120 mL (or 120 cm3) of sand into the beaker. The mass of the sand and beaker is 270 g. What is the density of the sand?

A

d= 1.625g/ml

or

d= 1.625g/cm3

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25
Q

Which substance:

  1. Is the MOST dense?
  2. Is the LEAST dense?
  3. Will SINK in WATER?
  4. Will FLOAT in GASOLINE?
A
  1. Gold
  2. Wood(pine)
  3. Aluminum, Gold, Iron
  4. Wood(pine)
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26
Q

What is buoyancy?

A

Buoyancy is the tendency for materials to rise or float in a fluid.

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27
Q

What is the difference between gravitational force and buoyant force?

A

Gravitational force is applied in a downwards direct, whereas buoyant force is upwards.

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28
Q

What determines whether or not an object will float or sink in water?

A
  • If the object/substance has a lower denisty than water it will float. If it has a higher density than water it will sink.
  • If gravitational force is greater than the buoyant force, the object will sink.
  • If buoyant force is greater than gravitational force, the object will float.
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29
Q

What is the difference between positive, negative, and neutral buoyancy?

A

An object that floats in the water is known as being positively buoyant.

An object that sinks to the bottom is negatively buoyant, while an object that hovers at the same level in the water is neutrally buoyant.

30
Q

What is Archimede’s principle?

A

Buoyant force acting on an object immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid that the object displaces.

31
Q

What causes viscosity?

A

Viscosity is due to the internal friction between the molecules in a fluid.

Therefore, high viscosity fluids have a large amount of internal friction.

32
Q

Viscosity is ___________.

A

The resistance of a fluid to flow. This is caused by internal friction, usually thicker fluids will have a higher viscosity and therefore a slower flowrate.

33
Q

As the temperature of a fluid increases, its viscosity ____________.

A

Decreases.

34
Q

How do you make a super-saturated solution?

A

By adding more solute to an already saturated mixture.

35
Q

What is the universal solvent? What is its density?

A

The universal solvent is water and its density 1.0 g/ml.

36
Q

What is the difference between a solution and a suspension mixture?

A

A suspension is when a substance floats on top of another substance because it can’t dissolve. A solution is a mixture which is fully dissolved into a solvent.

37
Q

A bouncy ball has a density of 1.342. If you place this object in water (waters density is 1.0g/ml) will the ball float?

A

The ball will not float because it has a density higher than the water.

38
Q

How many levels of hazard are there? What are they?

A

There is 3 levels: Danger, warning and caution.

39
Q

Which symbol are you most likely to see on a bottle of Febreeze? Explosive, flammable, corrosive or poisonous?

A

Explosive/Combustible

40
Q

Compounds and elements are what type of matter?

A

They are pure substances.

41
Q

Gases are more dense than liquids. True or false?

A

False, liquids are more dense than gases because their particles are closer together.

42
Q

A cat has a mass of 50g and is 19cm long, 36cm wide and 41cm in height. What is it’s density? (Hint: mass/volume = density)

A

The cat has a density of 0.00178 g/cm3

43
Q

Why might we feel “lighter” in water?

A

We feel lighter in water because buoyancy acts against gravity making us feel much lighter.

44
Q

Name two characteristics of a suspension mixture.

A
  1. It is heterogeneous
  2. It can be easily filtered.
45
Q

Blood, fog and milk are all examples of what type of mixture?

A

These examples are classified as colloids because they scatter light and cannot separate very easy .

46
Q

How do you calculate density?

A

You divide the mass of the object by the volume.

47
Q

What is the difference between a heterogeneous and a homogeneous mixture?

A

A heterogeneous mixture is a combination of two substances where you can clearly see the different materials. Homogeneous refers to a uniform mixture where the substances are hard to differentiate/see the difference.

48
Q

The solvent is the substance that dissolves in the solute True or False?

A

False the solvent dissolves the solute Ex/ Water dissolved the juice powder

49
Q

What is the difference between evaporation and condensation?

A

Evaporation- its when you boil a liquid and it slowly changes to a gas. Condensation- is when a gas is cooled to form a gas

50
Q

Define physical change?

A

Physical change occurs when matter changes size, shape, or form

51
Q

How do you calculate volume?

A

you calculate it by multiplying height x width x length

52
Q

What is the difference between atom’s and molecules?

A

Atoms- its the basic building block of matter Molecules- molecules is just when multiple atoms join together

53
Q

What happens when a saturated solution gets heated up?

A

The particles begin to spread out and the solution will be able to dissolve more solute. Therefore the solution will become unsaturated as it is heated to higher temperatures.

54
Q

Which is more concentrated? 55g/100ml or 26g/50ml?

A

55g/100ml because 26g/50ml is equivalent to 52g/100ml

55
Q

Why is hot water less dense than cold water?

A

Because there’s more space between the molecules, a volume of hot water has fewer molecules in it and weighs a little bit less than the same volume of cold water. So hot water is less dense than cold water.

56
Q

What are two substances that are useful because of their high viscosity?

A

Engine oil, maple syrup, honey, toothpaste, etc.

57
Q

What is the difference between a diluted solution and a concentrated solution?

A

A diluted concentration is a mixture where the concentration is weakened by the addition of wayer or another solvent. A concentrated solution is one that is near its saturation point.

58
Q

Is Italian dressing an example of a suspension or a colloid?

A

Suspension because the particles separate after resting. It can also be easily filtered.

59
Q

Would a milkshake have a very high viscosity or a very low viscosity?

A

A milkshake would have a high viscosity due to its thickness, low flow rate, and high resistance.

60
Q

How can you make a substance more viscous?

A
  • Decrease the temperature
  • Increase the thickness of the fluid
  • Slow down the flow rate/increase the resistance
  • If a rougher surface is used more friction will occur and it’s resistance will therefore increase.
61
Q

Why does a colloid scatter light?

A

Colloids “scatter” light because of something known as the Tyndall Effect. The light is scattering due to the refraction of light rays between closely spaced particles.

62
Q

Why does a liquid compress less than a gas does?

A

Because there is less space between the particles in a liquid. In a gas there is lots of room between particles.

63
Q

A solution contains 12g of solute. If it is saturated, you will not be able to dissolve any more solute. True or False?

A

True

64
Q

As a ship moves from saltwater to freshwater, the ship will sink lower in the water. True or false?

A

True, this is because the density of freshwater is lower than salt water.

65
Q

Hot water is less dense than cold water. True or False?

A

True.

This is because the particles are more spaced out in hot water.

66
Q

Flow rate:

A

The rate at which a fluid flows from one destination to the other.

distance(cm)/time(seconds)

67
Q

The higher the resistance to flowing, the ___1___ the viscosity and the ____2___ they will flow.

A
  1. higher
  2. slower
68
Q

Explain what matter is and how it can be found in nature.

A

Substances/materials that take of space and have mass. Matter is all around us and makes up everything we see. Found in 3 states: solid, liquid, gas

69
Q

Explain the difference between solids, liquids and gases using the Particle Model of Matter.

A

Solid: bonded tightly, vibrate, hold one form, can be changed into a different state and have slow particles.

Liquid: particles can move freely but not much, liquids take the form of the container, have faster particles, can have different viscosity, can be changed into a different state.

Gas: Particles have lots of room to move, lots of space between them, can hold a form but most don’t, can be changed into a different state.

70
Q

Friction forces:

A

A force that attempts to resist the motion of fluids and solids.

  • The greater the friction the greater the viscosity
71
Q

Pressure in a fluid is exerted in _______ in all directions.

A

Equally

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