8.8 Brain

Question 1

connects the spinal cord to the remainder of the brain

Answer 1

brainstem

Question 2

most inferior portion of the brianstem and is continuous with the spinal cord

Answer 2

medulla oblongata

Question 3

connects discrete nuclei with specific functions, such as regulation of heart rate and blood vessel dameter, breathing, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, sneezing, balance, and coordination

Answer 3

medulla oblongata

Question 4

two prominent enlargments on the anterior surface that extend the length of the medulla oblongata

Answer 4

pyramids

Question 5

consist of descending nerve tracts

Answer 5

pyramids

Question 6

superior to the medulla oblongata that contains ascending and descending nerve tracts, as well as several nuclei

Answer 6

pons

Question 7

a functional bridge between the cerebrum and cerebellum

Answer 7

pons

Question 8

responsible for breathing, swallowing, and balance, chewing and salivation

Answer 8

pons

Question 9

superior to the pons is the smallest region of the brainstem

Answer 9

midbrain

Question 10

dorsal part of the midbrain consists of four mounds called the _____

Answer 10

colliculi

Question 11

are major relay centers for the sudityr nerve pathways in the CNS

Answer 11

two inferior colliculi

Question 12

are involved in visual reflexes and receive touch and auditory input

Answer 12

two superior colliculi

Question 13

a black nuclear mass, which is part of the basal nuclei and is involved in regulating general body movements

Answer 13

substantia nigra

Question 14

scattered through the brainstem is a group of nuclei collectively called the _____

Answer 14

reticular formation

Question 15

plays ans important roles in arousing and maintaining consciousness and in regulating the sleep-wake cycle

Answer 15

reticular activating system

Question 16

contains nuclei involved in coordinating eye movements and controlling pupil diameter and lens shape

Answer 16

midbrain

Question 17

damage to cells of the _____ can result in coma

Answer 17

reticular formation

Question 18

____ is attached to the brainstem by several large connections called cerebellar peduncles

Answer 18

cerebellum

Question 19

attached the cerebellum to the brainstem

Answer 19

cerebellar peduncles

Question 20

part of the brain between the brainstem and the cerebrum

Answer 20

Diencephalon

Question 21

Main components of Diencephalon

Answer 21

thalamus, epithamalamus, hypothalamus

Question 22

largest part of the diencephalon

Answer 22

thalamus

Question 23

consists of a cluster of nuclei and is shaped somewhat like a yo-yo, with two large, lateral parts connected in the center by a small interthalmic adhesion

Answer 23

thalamus

Question 24

influences mood and registers an unlocalized, uncomfortable perception of pain

Answer 24

thalamus

Question 25

small area superior and posterior to the thalamus

Answer 25

epithalamus

Question 26

involved in the emotional and visceral response to odors, and pineal gland

Answer 26

epithalamus

Question 27

an endocrine gland that may influence the onset of puberty and may play a role in controlling some long-term cycle that are influenced by the light-dark cycle

Answer 27

pineal gland

Question 28

most inferior part of the diencephalon

Answer 28

hypothalamus

Question 29

plays central role in the control of body temperature, hunger, and thirst

Answer 29

hypothalamus

Question 30

sensations such as sexual pleasure, rage, fear, and relaxation

Answer 30

hypothalamus

Question 31

“nervous perspiration” in response to stress or hunger as a result of depression

Answer 31

hypothalamus

Question 32

a funnel-shaped stalk that extends from the floor of the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

Answer 32

infundibulum

Question 33

form externally visible swellings on the posterior portion of the hypothalamus and are involved in emotional repsonses to odors and memory

Answer 33

mammillary bodies

Question 34

largest part of the brain

Answer 34

cerebrum

Question 35

divides the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum

Answer 35

longitudinal fissure

Question 36

numerous folds on the surface of each hemisphere that greatly increases the surface area of the cortex

Answer 36

gyri

Question 37

intervening grooves in the cerebrum

Answer 37

sulci

Question 38

important int he control of voluntary motor functions, motivations, aggression, mood, and olfactory reception

Answer 38

frontal lobe

Question 39

principal center for receiving and consciously perceiving most sensory information, such as touch, pain, temperature, and balance

Answer 39

parietal lobe

Question 40

separates the frontal and parietal lobes

Answer 40

central sulcus

Question 41

functions in receiving and perceiving visual input and is not distinctly separate from the other lobes

Answer 41

occipital lobe

Question 42

involved in olfactory and auditory sensations and plays ans important role in memory

Answer 42

temporal lobe

Question 43

anterior and inferior portions in the temporal lobe called the “_________” are associated with functions such as abstract thought and judgement

Answer 43

psychic cortex

Question 44

most of the temporal lobe is separated from the rest of the cerebrum by the

Answer 44

lateral fissure

Question 45

fifth lobe

Answer 45

insula