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PHYANA Lec - Second Shifting > 8.3 Cells Of The Nervous System > Flashcards

8.3 Cells Of The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of cells that make up the nervous system

A

Neurons

Neuroglia

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2
Q

also called nerve cells receive stimuli, conduct action potentials, and transmit signals to other neurons or effector organs

A

Neurons

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3
Q

3 parts to a neuron

A

cell body

2 types of processes: dendrites and axon

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4
Q

contains a single nucleus

A

cell body

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5
Q

source of information for gene expression

A

nucleus of the neuron

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6
Q

surround the nucleus

A

Extensive rough ER, Golig apparatus, mitochondria

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7
Q

organize cytoplasm into ditsinct areas

A

Large number of neurofilaments (intermediate filaments) and microtubules

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8
Q

Short, often highly branching cytoplasmic extensions that are tapered from their bases at the neuron cell body to their tips

A

Dendrites

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9
Q

usually receive information from other neurons or from sensory receptors and transmit the information toward the neuron cell body

A

Dendrites

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10
Q

A single long cell process extending from the neuron cell body

A

Axon

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11
Q

Area where the axon leaves the neuron cell body

A

Axon hollock

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12
Q

conduct action potentials away from the CNS

A

Axons of sensory neurons

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13
Q

conduct action potentials away from the CNS

A

Axons of motor neurons

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14
Q

An axon may remain unbranched or may branch to form ____

A

collateral axons

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15
Q

highly specialized insulating layer of cells surrounding some axons

A

Myelin sheath

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16
Q

have many dendrites and a single axon

A

Multipolar neurons

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17
Q

have two processes: one dendrite and one axon

A

Bipolar neurons

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18
Q

Type of neurons within the CNS and nearly all motor neurons

A

Multipolar neurons

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19
Q

Type of neuron loacted in some sensory organs, such as in the retina of the eye and in the nasal cavity.

A

Bipolar neurons

20
Q

Have single process extending from the cell body which divides into two processes a short distance from the cell body. One extends to the periphery, the other to the CNS

A

Pseudo-unipolar neurons

21
Q

Type of neuron in most sensory neurons

A

Pseudo-unipolar neurons

22
Q

are the nonneuronal cells of the CNS and the PNS

A

Neuroglia or glial cells

23
Q

Most ____ retain the ability to divide whereas neurons do not

A

neuroglia

24
Q

serve as majot supporting cells in the CNS

A

Astrocytes

25
Q

can stimulate or inhibit the signaling activity of nearby neurons

A

Astrocytes

26
Q

participate with the blood vessel endothelium to form the blood-brain barrier

A

Astrocytes

27
Q

A permeability barrier between the blood and the CNS

A

Blood-brain barrier

28
Q

help limit damage to neural tissue

A

Astrocytes

29
Q

line the fluid-fliled cavities within the CNS

A

Ependymal cells

30
Q

produce CNS

A

Ependymal cells

31
Q

help move CSF through the CNS

A

Ependymal cells

32
Q

act as immune cells of the CNS

A

Microglia

33
Q

help protect the brain by removing bacteria and cell debris

A

Microglia

34
Q

provide insulating material that surround the axon in the CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

35
Q

provide insulating material that surround the axon in the PNS

A

Schwann cells

36
Q

rest in indentations of the oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS

A

Unmyelinated axons

37
Q

an excellent insulator that prevents almost all ion movement across the cell membrance

A

Myelin

38
Q

gaps in the myelin sheath that occur about every millimeter between the oligodendrocyte segments or between individual Schwann cells

A

nodes of Ranvier

39
Q

can occur at the nodes of Ranvier

A

Ion movement

40
Q

Increases the speed and efficiency of action potential

A

Myelination of an axon

41
Q

Consists of groups of neuron cell bodies and their dendrites, where there is very little myelin

A

Gray matter

42
Q

gray matter on the surface of the brain

A

cortex

43
Q

clusters of gray matter located deeper within the brain

A

nuclei

44
Q

a cluster of neuron cell bodies

A

ganglion

45
Q

consists of bundles of parallel axons with their myelin sheaths, which are whitish in color

A

White matter

46
Q

also called conduction pathways, which propagate action potentials from one area of the CNS to another

A

nerve tracts

47
Q

bundles of axons and their connective tissue sheaths

A

nerves

PHYANA Lec - Second Shifting (30 decks)

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