8.5 translation

Question 1

what 2 roles do ATP have in translation?

Answer 1

• provide energy to attach amino acids to tRNA

- attach amino acids together in condensation reactions

Question 2

what provides energy to build up macromolecules?

Answer 2

ATP

Question 3

how do the 2 sub-units of ribosomes fit together?

Answer 3

smaller sub- unit fits into a depression of the surface of the larger one

Question 4

what is the role of ribosomes in translation?

Answer 4

1. mRNA binds to ribosome;
2. Idea of two codons/binding sites;
3. (Allows) tRNA with anticodons to bind/associate;
4. (Catalyses) formation of peptide bond between amino acids (held by tRNA molecules);
5. Moves along (mRNA to the next codon)/translocation described;

Question 5

what is the role of tRNA in translation?

Answer 5

carry specific amino acid to mRNA with codon complementary to its anticodon

Question 6

describe what happens in translation

Answer 6

1. mRNA leaves (nucleus) through nuclear pore;
2. To ribosome;
3. tRNA molecules bring amino acids (to ribosome);
4. Specific tRNA molecule for specific amino acid;
5. Anticodon of tRNA complementary to codon on mRNA;
6. Peptide bonds form between amino acids;
7. tRNA detaches and collects another amino acid;
8. Ribosome moves along mRNA;

Question 7

what is the role of mRNA in translation?

Answer 7

act as a template