8.2 DNA and chromosomes Flashcards
1
Q
describe the DNA in prokaryotic cells
A
- short
- circular
- not associated with proteins (histones)
2
Q
describe the DNA in eukaryotic cells
A
- very long
- linear
- associated with proteins (histones)
3
Q
describe the DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells
A
- short
- circular
- not associated with proteins (histones)
4
Q
what is a chromatid?
A
one thread in a chromosome
5
Q
what holds the 2 chromatids together?
A
centromere
6
Q
what are homologous chromosomes?
A
a pair of chromosomes, one maternal and one paternal, that have the same gene loci
7
Q
what are alleles?
A
different forms of the same gene
8
Q
what is diploid?
A
two copies of each chromosome e.g. 46 in humans
9
Q
what is haploid?
A
single copy of each chromosome e.g. 23 in humans
