8.2 Cephalosporins Flashcards
What are the 2 major advantages of cephalosporins vs pcn?
More resistant to beta-lactamases
Two side chains – create more variations
In general, what do cephalosporins cover?
Aerobic G- (except 5th gen)
What do 1st gen cephalosporins cover?
Staph (not MRSA), strep (G+)
PEK- Proteus, e. coli, klebsiella (G-)
What are some examples of 1st gen cephalosporins?
KEFLEX
Cefadroxil (Duricef®), Cephalexin – PO
Cefazolin – IV
What is the difference between 2nd gen cephalosporins?
True cephalosporins, and
Cephamycins- comes from a bacterium, not the fungus like the true cephalosporins
What are 2nd gen true cephalosporins active against?
Active against G+ as 1st generation (Staph, strep)
Covers G- H. flu, Neisseria, and PEK – (i.e HaN PEK)
What meds are available in the true cephalosporin 2nd gen class?
PO – Cefaclor (Ceclor®), Cefprozil (Cefzil®), Cefuroxime axetil (Ceftin®),
IV – Cefuroxime Sodium (Zinacef®)
What is the coverage of cephamycins?
More activity against anaerobes, at expense of G+ staph/strep
What is a common cephomycin? Use?
Cefotetan- common in OB
What do the 3rd gen cephalosporins cover?
HEN PEK – H. flu, Enterobacter, Neisseria, Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella
With moderate activity against G+ and spirochete (e.g. lyme)
NOT PSEUDOMONAS
What are some examples of 3rd gen cephalosporin?
IV- Cephtriaxone (rocephin), Ceftazidime, Cefotaxime
PO- Cefdinir, Cefditoren
What do 4th gen cephalosporins cover?
Staph, strep, HEN PEK + Pseudomonas
What is the only 4th gen cephalosporin?
Cefepime (Maxipime®) – IV
What is the coverage of 5th gen cephalosporins?
Able to bind to MRSA PBPs – covers staph, strep, and even MRSA
HEN PEK but no Pseudomonas activity
What is the only drug in the 5th gen cephalosporin class?
Ceftaroline fosamil (Teflaro®) Prodrug
