8.1 Geo Human systems and resource use Flashcards
Define the CBR (crude birth rate).
The number of births per thousand individuals in population per year.
Define CDR (crude death rate).
The numbers of deaths per thousand individuals in a population per year.
Define NIR (natural increase rate)
The rate of human population growth as expressed by percentage change per year.
Define the TFR (total fertility rate)
the average number of children born per woman while in age of fertility
Define DT. (doubling time)
The time It takes for a population to double in individuals.
what pattern has human population growth followed over the last 2000 years?
exponential curve.
why has the world population followed the pattern of an exponential curve?
because populations in the world have been following an accelerating rate of growth of which is proportional to the population size.
as our population grows, what are the main stresses being put on the earths systems?
more people require more resources.
deforestation
fossil fuels
pesticides
desertification
more people produce more waste
carbondioxide
polluting of rivers
what can be helpful and used to predict human population growth?
age-gender pyramids and the DTM.
what patterns is commonly seen in DM and why?
the pattern of decline in mortality and fertility of a county as a result of social and economic development.
what is illustrated in a DTM?
how a population transitions from a pre-industrial stage with high CBR and high CDR to a economically advanced stage with low or declining CBR and CDR.
what are the six main influences on population dynamics that you would want to exams on in an exam?
culture, historical, religious, social, political and economic.
why might culture have an effect on population dynamics?
In some cultures women are not expected to have jobs or careers, leading them to marriage after and making the age of baby marking younger than it would be in they had a job.
in agricultural culture more children as seen as more labour forces.
why might historical factors influence population dynamics?
traditions of people having larger families incase of child mortality which was more common.
what religus factors might be influencing population dynamics?
religion include family planning, most religions are pro-natalists.
what is a social factor effecting population dynamics?
people have more children for security in old age.
what is a political factor effecting population dynamics?
government might be pro-natalist or anti-natalist
what is an economic factor effecting population dynamics?
no affordable or accessible contraception.
what are some polices that decrease population growth rate?
pentions- reduce reliance on children for security in old age.
any policy that stimulates economic growth because it leads to more education which will lead to education on contraceptives.
urbanisation limits space for large families.
polices directed at educating and liberating women.
Chinas one child policy which eventually lead to them having issues with An aeging population
what are some policies that increase population growth rate?
agricultural development polices- less death
sanitation and public heath accsessablity- less death
incuraged immigration, especially of workers into LEDCs.
how does one calculate the CBR?
total number of births\total population X 1000
how does one calculate DT?
it is 70% of the birthrate
or 70/NIR
what are some demographic tools used for quantifying human population?
CBR CDR TFR DT NIR
how do you calculate the CDR?
number of deaths/total population X 1000
how does one calculate NIR?
You calculate it by bitrate- death rate divided by whole population and times by 100 (for a population)
why is it that even today when NIR is rapidly declining, we have such an ever growing population?
because when the NIR was high back in the day, there were so many births that now there is a much larger base to multiply the percentage with.
where will you find the highest CBR,CDR, NIR and TFR?
LICs, such as subsaharan Africa.
where are you more likely to see a higher DT and life expectancy?
HIC such as the uk.
what might differ between a demographic model on a national scale and one on an international scale?
National or regional change in population count migration whereas a global population change does not even consider migration.
what was Malthus theory?
the size and growth of populations depends on the food supply and agrecultural methods.
what was boserups theory?
the roof supply of reasroces and agricultural methods depends on the population size and growth.
what are some solutions that poletitions and theorist have come to when dissucing limited world resources and increasing population?
to make pention age younger, less physical labour less food needed.
encourage women to work- less children
telling people to invest money in pensions rather than children for elderly security.
