4.2 Access to fresh water Flashcards
what is white water and what is gray water?
white- purified + treated fresh water.
Gray- lightly used water
when do you use white water in daily life?
drinking water
cooking
showing or brushing teeth
when would you use grey water in daily life?
water for cleaning cars
water to flush toilet
livestock farming
what is back water?
black water (sewage) contains human waste and may carry disease, spreading bacteria and other ogranisms such as worms.
state a similarity and a difference between grey and white water.
similarity- both are finite resources and need to be used sustainably.
difference- grey water can not be consumed by humans.
what are the differences and overlaps in. water use between MEDCs and LEDCs?
MEDC-
car washing,
grading
privet pools
overlap-
cooking,
washing
brushing teeth
drinkg
LEDC-
irrgiation
-To conclude, MEDC use water for less necessary activities while LEDC uses it for necessities.
why is the way you have outlines the diffrence in water use between LEDC and MEDC faulty?
over simplifed.
there will be variations in water used based on EVs of society.
what are the three facts that cause the increase of fresh water needed for a nation over time?
increased population- more demand more people = more showers etc.
Industrial development- more degrading of water, Industry and electric plants releases pollutant such as heat and chemicals into surrounding water.
expansion of farmland
what are the factors that can limit the availability of fresh water?
industrialisation-
resase pollutants into fresh water.
irrigation of farmland-
extraction of fresh water supply, much of the water evaporates and leaves behind water with increased salinity.
use of pesticides and fertilisers-
they will wash into lakes and rivers and could cause eutrophication.
high extraction rates from aquifers-
lower the water table which could result in salt water intrusion reducing availability of fresh water.
what affects of climate change may change availability of fresh water and how?
rising sea levels- salt water intrusion from brackish ecosystems and aquifers.
changing rainfall patterns- some areas will experience more heavy rain, which will lead to flooding and contamination of freshwater by sewage and other contaminants. Some locations will experience drought, which may lead to over-extraction of water from aquifers.
changes in the amount and time of snow melt- more snow melt will distribute the deep ocean currents (thermohaline currents). This will lead to increased temperatures in Northwest Europe.
excess snow melt will reduce albedo increasing atmosphere and ocean temperatures.
Snow will melt earlier in spring.
outline how water scarcity can lead to conflict?
Conflict over water may arise in upper basin counties that need it for hydropower or irrigation. It may also arise in lower basin countries if there is a reduced availability. E.g. Ethiopia and Egpyt over the Nile.
if you get a question asking ‘describe and explain the distribution of fresh water and water scarcity around the globe?”, what are some questions you might want to address in your answer?
is water evenly distributed around the globe?
can we use salt water somehow? and why does everybody not do that?
are we damaging fresh water at all?
in what situation may there be a large amount of fresh water and yet scarcity?
describe and explain the distribution of fresh water and water scarcity around the globe? - have a go at outlining some arguments.
how is water distributed-
only 2.6%% is fresh water and over 68% of that is located in ice caps and glaciers. Groundwater is 30.1% of freshwater, rivers and lakes only 0.3%
too many societies are dependent on groundwater, nonrenewable, and increasing population = increased demand.
can we use salt water somehow? and why does everybody not do that?
desalination is an option as most water on planet is saline. Energy is expensive so only wealthy countries which are water-stressed and near the sea can use E.G Oman.
Salt, the by-product of desalination, goes back in ocean and increases density of water, sinks and damages ocean-bottom ecosystems.
Each person should have access to 40 litres of water per day (Agenda 21), many countries have less such as Nabia but some have more E.g Sweden. There is enough water world wide, just not distobuted eventlly, this is much like food.
in what situation may there be a large amount of fresh water and yet scarcity?
water scarcity is not just a measure of how much water there is but also how we use it. there may be enough water in a region but not enough is allocated to domestic use, but again populations increasde and so will the need for food and food water footptint.
There is a google doc labelled Aquifer dirgam, loom at the image and learn to draw it by heart.
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what is an aquifer?
Aquifers are underground layers of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures or unconsolidated materials from which groundwater can be extracted.
