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ESS SL > 2.2 Bio ecosystems and ecology > Flashcards

2.2 Bio ecosystems and ecology Flashcards

1
Q

what is a community?

A

a community is a group of populations, living and interacting with each other in a common habitat.

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2
Q

what is an ecosystem?

A

an ecosystem is the community and physical environment which it interacts with.

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3
Q

how can one describe respiration and photosynthesis?

A

a proses with inputs, outputs and a transformation of energy and matter.

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4
Q

what is respiration?

A

respiration is the conversion of organic matter into carbon dioxide in all organism in order to realise energy.

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5
Q

what is the word equation for arobicrespiration?

A

glucose+oxygen—->carbondioxide+water

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6
Q

what is released I large amounts during respiration?

A

heat.

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7
Q

during respiration, large amounts of heat are released, this causes an increase in…. with in the ecosystem.

A

entropy.

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8
Q

when there is an increase of entropy, what effect does it have within an ecosystem?

A

it allows the organism to have a relatively low entropy which allows for high organisation.

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9
Q

what is the role of primary producers (in most ecosystems) ?

A

they convert light energy into chemical energy though photosynthesis.

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10
Q

what is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

carbondioxide+water—->oxygen+glucose

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11
Q

during photosynthesis, the raw materials produced (oxegen+glucose) create something else, what is it?

A

biomass.

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12
Q

what is a tropic level?

A

the position an organism occupies within a food chain, or the position a group of organism in a community that occupy the same position in the food web.

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13
Q

what is another word for producers?

A

autotrophs

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14
Q

what is a producer?

A

a producer or autotroph are usually green plant or alge that provide their own food through photosynthesis. They are usually the first tropic level in a food chain.

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15
Q

what is an example of where a producer does not get its energy from photosynthesis?

A

Chemosynthetic organisms.

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16
Q

there are three main factors making up feeding relationships, what are they?

A

producer, consumer and decomposer.

17
Q

what are the different ways one can model the three factor making up feeding relationships?

A

food webs, food chains and ecological pyramids.

18
Q

what is displayed on an ecological pyramid?

A

number of organism, biomass, and productivity.

19
Q

what type of data is displayed on a ecological pyramid?

A

quantative data measured for a specific area or time.

20
Q

what happens due to the second law of thermodynamics, as one moves along a food chain?

A

the quantity and numbers of biomass and energy decrease.

21
Q

what will the effect of a decreased of quantity and number of biomass and energy be on a pyramind diagram?

A

the pyramid will become narrower towards the apex.

22
Q

what is bioaccumulation?

A

bioaccumulation is the build up of persistent or non biodegradable pollutants which in an organism or tropic level because the pollutants can not be broken down.

23
Q

what is biomagnification?

A

biomagnification is the increase in concentration of persistent or non-degradable pollutants along a food chain.

24
Q

what are some examples of toxics that can build up along a food chain when their is a decrease in biomass or energy?

A

DDT or mercury are commonly accumulated along food chains and organisms when there is a decrease in energy or biomass.

25
Q

what is it called on a number pyramid when the pattern is that the top trophic level has a high number of organism in comparison to the bottom?

A

inverted pyramids.

26
Q

what does a pyramid of biomass illustrate?

A

the standing stock or storage of each tropic level.

27
Q

in a pyramid of biomass, what units are used for what?

A

biomass- grams of biomass per metre GM negative squared.
energy- souls per square meter JM negative squared.

28
Q

what is a pyramid of productivity?

A

a pyramid of productivity illustrates the flow of energy through trophic levels. indicating the rate at which stock\storage is being generated.

29
Q

what is a patters seen on a productivity pyramid of an ecosystem over a year?

A

a drecase of energy transfer along the food chain.

30
Q

what is the first law of thermodynamics?

A

energy can. not be created or destroyed, only transferred.

31
Q

what is the second law of thermodynamics?

A

that during an energy transfer, energy becomes less ordered meaning it is less useful to an ecosystem.

32
Q

what is a specific feature of an organism that will increase bioaccumulation and why?

A

high body fat percentage such as polarbrears.
fat stroge can store the polutioants.

ESS SL (33 decks)

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