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Chemistry > 8.1 characteristics & properties of acids and bases > Flashcards

8.1 characteristics & properties of acids and bases Flashcards

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1
Q

What colour does red litmus paper turn in acidic solutions? [1]

A

stays red

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2
Q

What colour does red litmus paper turn in alkaline solutions? [1]

A

turns blue

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3
Q

What colour does universal indicator turn in acidic solutions? [1]

A

changes to red

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3
Q

What colour does blue litmus paper turn in acidic solutions? [1]

A

turns red

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4
Q

What colour does blue litmus paper turn in alkaline solutions? [1]

A

stays blue

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5
Q

What colour does methyl orange turn in alkaline solutions? [1]

A

changes to yellow

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6
Q

What colour does methyl orange turn in acidic solutions? [1]

A

changes to red

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7
Q

What colour does phenolphthalein turn in acidic solutions? [1]

A

colourless / no change

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8
Q

What colour does universal indicator turn in alkaline solutions? [1]

A

changes to blue

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9
Q

What colour does phenolphthalein turn in alkaline solutions? [1]

A

changed to pink

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10
Q

What type of bond is expected in acids and why? [2]

A
  • covalent bond
  • because all acids contain non-metals
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11
Q

What type of bond is expected in alkalis and why? [2]

A
  • ionic
  • because all alkalines contain a metal
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11
Q

What is an ionic bond? [2]

A

the transfer of electrons between positive and negative ions

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12
Q

What is the difference between a base and an alkali? [2]

A

alkaline is a base that is soluble in water

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12
Q

What are acids? [2]

A
  • proton donors
  • H+ hydrogen ion donors
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13
Q

What is a covalent bond? [2]

A

shared pair of electrons between two non-metals

14
Q

What is a solute? [1]

A

the solid that dissolves in the solvent

14
Q

What does concentrated mean? [1]

A

greater amount in the same volume

14
Q

What are alkalis? [2]

A
  • proton acceptors
  • H+ hydrogen ion acceptor
14
Q

What does dilute mean? [1]

A

small amount of substance in a large amount of liquid

15
Q

What is a strong acid? [1]

A

almost all molecules are dissociated

15
Q

What is a weak acid? [1]

A

only some of the molecules have been dissociated

16
Q

What is an alkali the source of? [1]

A

source of hydroxide ion (OH-)

16
Q

What is a solvent? [1]

A

the liquid a solute dissolves in

17
Q

Name some common acids [3]

A
  • hydrochloric acid
  • sulphuric acid
  • citric acid
17
Q

What is a solution? [1]

A

the mixture of a solute and the solvent

17
Q

What happens to the pH when the concentration of the hydroxide ion is low? [1]

A

the lower the pH

17
Q

What is the pH for acidic substances? [1]

A

<7

17
Q

Name some common alkalis [3]

A
  • sodium hydroxide
  • potassium hydroxide
  • iron hydroxide
17
Q

What happens to the pH when the concentration of the hydrogen ion is high? [1]

A

the lower the pH

18
Q

What happens to the pH when the concentration of the hydrogen ion is low? [1]

A

the higher the pH

18
Q

What happens to the pH when the concentration of the hydroxide ion is high? [1]

A

the higher the pH

18
Q

How many cm3 in 1dm3? [2]

A

1000cm3 = 1dm3

19
Q

What is the range of the pH scale? [2]

A

0-14

20
Q

What is the pH for alkaline substances? [1]

A

> 7

20
Q

What is the neutral pH? [1]

A

pH 7

21
Q

Why do we need to control acidity in soil? [2]

A
  • need to increase the pH
  • for crop/plant growing
22
Q

How do we control the acidity in soil? [3]

A
  • neutralise it
  • neutralise it with a base
  • e.g. metal oxide, carbonate or hydroxide

Chemistry (11 decks)

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