80 / 20 Review 1 - 3 Flashcards
Sentence structure info
https://8020japanese.com/japanese-sentence-structure/
The verb comes last
Particles define the roles of each of the different elements within a sentence
Word order is less important, and only influences the emphasis
Each noun in a sentence can be expanded into a more detailed noun phrase
It is usually more natural to put the topic and time phrases near the beginning of the sentence
Word order strategy for basic sentences
I read a book at the library on Sunday.
I → on Sunday → at the library → a book read.
watashi wa nichiyōbi ni toshokan de hon wo yomimashita.
Mari made sushi at home today.
Mari → today → at home → sushi made.
mari wa kyō ie de sushi wo tsukurimashita.
TTPOV
Topic + wa
Time + ni
Place + de
Object + wo
Verb
General word order logic
Topic marker +wa followed by
- Timing
- Physical background
- Core action
Sentences that involve movement from one place to another
I go to work every day by bicycle.
I → every day → by bicycle → to work go.
watashi wa mainichi jitensha de shigoto ni ikimasu.
He came here by car on Thursday.
He → on Thursday → by car → here came.
kare wa mokuyōbi ni kuruma de koko ni kimashita.
TTMDV
Topic marker +wa followed by
Time + ni
Means + de
Destination + ni
Verb
Sentences that involve the movement of a separate object
Some actions, such as “sending”, “giving”, “taking” or “putting”, involve movement, but the thing that moves is not the same as the person causing it to move.
For example, if I go somewhere, then I am the person that causes the movement while also being the thing that moves. If, however, I send something to someone, I am performing the act of sending, but the thing that actually moves from one place to another is the ‘something’.
I will send the photo to my friend by email in the afternoon.
I → in the afternoon → by email → to my friend the photo will send.
watashi wa gogo ni mēru de tomodachi ni shashin wo okurimasu.
TTMDOV
Topic + wa
Time + ni
Means + de
Destination + ni
Object + wo
Verb
Object and means are only included when they exist
see you later
sorry
goodnight
matane
gomen nasai
oyasuminasai
Black
White
Red
Green
Blue
Yellow
Kuroi
Shiroi
Akai
Midori
Aoi
Kiroi
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Getsu-yobi
Ka-yobi
Sui-yobi
Moko-yobi
Kin-yobi
Do-yobi
Nichi-yobi
Months of the year
Ichi-gatsu
Ni-gatsu
San-gatsu
Shi-gatsu
Go-gatsu
Roku-gatsu
Shichi-gatsu
Hachi-gatsu
Ku-gatsu
Ju-gatsu
Juichi-gatsu
Juni-gatsu
person
he
she
mother
hito
kare
kanojo
okasan
school
movie
house
gakko
eiga
ie
went
watched
came
ate
drank
read
ikimashita
mimashita
kimashita
tabemashita
nomimashita
yomimashita
you
he
mobile phone
she
anata
kare
ketai
kanojo
father
studied
made
otosan
benkyo shimashita
tsukurimashita
she / her
he / him
older sister
kanojo
kare
onesan
listen
older brother
sent
letter
grandmother
kikimashita
onisan
okurimashita
tegami
obasan
they
gave
mother
souvenir
jacket
karera
agemashita
okasan
omiyage
uwagi
family
someone else’s family
kazoku
gokazoku
father
someone else’s father
mother
someone else’s mother
chichi
otosan
haha
okasan
parents
someone else’s parents
ryoshin
goryoshin
older brother
someone else’s older brother
older sister
someone else’s older sister
younger brother
someone else’s younger brother
younger sister
someone else’s younger sister
ani
onisan
ane
onesan
ototo
ototosan
imoto
imotosan
husband
someone else’s husband
wife
someone else’s wife
shujin
goshujin
tsuma
okusan
grandfather
someone else’s grandfather
grandmother
someone else’s grandmother
sofu
ojisan
sobo
obasan
child / children
son
daughter
grandchild
kodomo / okosan
musuko / musukosan
musume / ojasan
mago / omagosan
Plurals overview
I
You
He
She
Person
Friend
Dog
Taro
They
We
generally not used in Japanese but can be used with living things especially people. Just add “tachi” to end of word
watashi / watashi tachi (we)
anata / anata tachi
Kare / kare tachi (they)
Kanojo / kanojo tachi (they all female)
hito / hito tachi
tomodachi / tomodachi tachi
inu / inutachi (dogs)
Taro / Taro tachi (Taro and company)
Karera
Uchira
Sometimes “ra” is used instead of tachi but is informal but is preferable for karera (they) and uchira (we”)
restaurant
pizza
hamburger
sandwich
ice cream
cake
hot dog
cola
coffee
beer
resoturan
piza
hanbaga
sandoichhi
aisu kurimu
keki
hotto doggu
kora
kohi
biru
bread
television
computer
internet
camera
bus
pan
terebi
konpyuta
intanetto
kamera
meru
basu
motorbike
hotel
supermarket
convenience store
part time job
ball
sports
basketball
soccer
baiku
hoteru
supa
konbini
arubaito
boru
supotsu
basuke
sakka
tennis
volleyball
golf
passport
visa
pen
a swing
tenisu
bare
gorufu
pasupoto
biza
pen
buranko
do
go
come
shimasu
ikimasu
kimasu
watch
listen
use
mimasu
kikimasu
tsukaimasu
make
eat
drink
tsukurimasu
tabemasu
nomimasu
buy
clean
do
kaimasu
migakimasu
shimasu
fall (rain)
meet
run
furimasu
aimasu
hashirimasu
take (a shower)
use
wake up
abimasu
tsukaimasu
okimasu
