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🚑 EMT: Crash Course Book > 8: Vital Signs 🩸 > Flashcards

8: Vital Signs 🩸 Flashcards

Understand vital signs and the issues diagnosis that may come along with them.

1
Q

Anisocoria

A

Unequal Pupil Sizes

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2
Q

Mydriasis

A

Dilated or Enlarged Pupils

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3
Q

Miosis

A

Constricted or Small Pupils

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4
Q

Normal Blood Pressure Range

A

Normal: Between (90-120)/(60-80)

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5
Q

Hypertension (and the rate)

A

Blood Pressure More Than 120/80

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6
Q

Hypotension (and the rate)

A

Blood Pressure Less Than 90/60

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7
Q

P.E.R.R.L.

A

Pupils are Equal, Round, & Reactive to Light

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8
Q

Six Standard Vitals

A
  1. Blood Pressure (mmHg)
  2. Heart Rate (bpm)
  3. Respiratory (breaths per minute)
  4. Skin/Temperature (°F)
  5. Blood Oxygen (%)
  6. Pupils (Flash Light/mm)
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9
Q

History of Present Illness (HPI)

A
  1. General Information (Age/Sex/Weight)
  2. Signs & Symptoms
  3. General Health Status
  4. Past Medical History
  5. Medications
  6. Allergies
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10
Q

Quality vs. Rhythm

A

Quality = Strong or Weak
Rhythm = Regular or Irregular

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11
Q

Fever (°F)

A

Over 100 (°F)

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12
Q

Normal Body Temperature (°F)

A

97(°F) to 99(°F)

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13
Q

Mottling

A

A “marbled” or “patchy” appearance to the skin, may include red or purple. Indicates a lack of blood flow.

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14
Q

Normal Blood Oxygen (%)

A

94% to 99%

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15
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

High Blood Glucose (Sugar)

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16
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Low Blood Glucose (Sugar)

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17
Q

Systolic Blood Pressure

A

The pressure within the arteries DURING contraction of the heart. (The top number in a blood pressure reading).

18
Q

Diastolic Blood Pressure

A

The pressure within the arteries IN-BETWEEN contractions of the heart. (The bottom number in a blood pressure reading).

19
Q

Wide Pulse Pressure

A

When the difference between systolic and diastolic readings is greater than 50% of the systolic blood pressure reading.

20
Q

Narrow Pulse Pressure

A

When the difference between the systolic and diastolic readings is less than 25% of the systolic blood pressure readings.

21
Q

Pulse Pressure

A

The difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressures.

22
Q

Capillary Refill

A

A measurement of how long it takes for your capillary bed to refill after being squeezed.

*Mostly for pediatric patients
*Should take 2 seconds to refill

23
Q

Normal Glucose Levels (mg/DL)

A

Between 70-140mg/DL

*Some sources say 80-120mg/DL

24
Q

Bradypnea (Bray-DIP-nee-uh)

(and it’s rate)

A

Slow Breathing (under 12 bpm)

*for adults

25
Q

Tachypnea (Tuh-KIP-nee-uh)

(and it’s rate)

A

Rapid Breathing (over 20 bpm)

*for adults

26
Q

Normal Respiratory Rates (Adults, Children, Toddlers & Infants)

A

Adults: 12-20 bpm
Children: 18-30 bpm
Toddlers: 24-40 bpm
Infants: 30-60 bpm

27
Q

Normal Heart Rates (Adults, Children & Infants)

A

Adults: 60-100 BPM
Children: 80-120 BPM
Infants: 100-180 BPM

28
Q

Tachycardia (Adults, Children & Infants)

A

Adults: Over 100 BPM
Children: Over 120 BPM
Infants: Over 180 BPM

29
Q

Bradycardia (Adults, Children & Infants)

A

Adults: Under 60 BPM
Children: Under 80 BPM
Infants: Under 100 BPM

30
Q

Pertinent Negatives

A

Anything relative to the chief complaint that the patient denies.

31
Q

Trending

A

Routine monitoring and assessment to identify changes

32
Q

Chief Complaint

A

The primary reason why the patient called the EMS

33
Q

S.A.M.P.L.E.

A

S = Signs & Symptoms
A = Allergies
M = Medication
P = Past Medical History
L = Last Eaten/Consumed
E = Events Leading

34
Q

O.P.Q.R.S.T.

A

O = Onset (“What were you doing when…”)
P = Provocation (“What provokes and makes it worse?”)
Q = Quality (“How would you describe the pain?”)
R = Radiation (“Does the pain radiate/move anywhere else?”)
S = Severity (“Rate from 0-10”)
T = Time (“When did the pain begin?”)

35
Q

Associated Symptoms

A

Anything the patient complains about in addition to the chief complaint.

36
Q

Glucometry

A

Assessment of the blood glucose levels.

37
Q

Pallor or Pale

A

Pale skin, often associated with low blood flow/circulation

38
Q

Perfusion

A

Adequate flow of blood to the body and tissues.

39
Q

Shock

A

Not enough circulation of blood throughout the body.

40
Q

Flushed or Rubor

A

Redness, often comes with fever, swelling, or excessive heat

🚑 EMT: Crash Course Book (9 decks)

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