8. Urbanization

Question 1

Characteristics of urbanization

Answer 1

• growth and presence of densely populated districts
• vertical and horizontal expansion
• industrialization
• ethnic enclaves (demographic movement of people)

Question 2

Main qualifications of urbanization

Answer 2

• focus of big cities skews settlement and mobility patterns
• regional distribution shows different stats
• sub-regional distinctions must be made
• transiency (sheer amount of movement that was going on)

Question 3

Key characteristics of late 19th century urbanization

Answer 3

• focus on growth outwards and upwards
• city divided among class lines
• expansion of transportation systems
• technology beginning to change city and classes
• horse drawn street car is important (easy transportation among middle class)

Question 4

Electric streetcars/trolley

Answer 4

• movement outwards (localized to a region)
• consolidation
• creation of suburbs
• vitalization of inner city
• established central business distinct
• revitalizes downtown area
• begins urban sprawl

Question 5

Movement upward (2 factors)

Answer 5

• elevator

- steel skeleton frame for buildings

Question 6

Urban problems

Answer 6

• urban congestion (crowding in public places, high density population)
• housing of the poor (slums, ghetto, tenement housing)

Question 7

Jacob Riis

Answer 7

• immigrant to US
• lived in poverty himself
• became writer and photojournalist
• reveals injustices and demands change
• focus on children
• infantilization of the other (“they need our help”)

Question 8

Urbanization (definition)

Answer 8

“The mass movement (process) of people from rural areas to more densely populated environs is the process of urbanization, and the growth of cities is the response to this evolutionary change”