4. Second Industrial Revolution

Question 1

Samuel Slater

Answer 1

Considered the father of the american factory system
Family system (child labour)
Employment of women
However system failed due to cheaper labour of irish immigrants

Question 2

Standardization

Answer 2

Production using interchangeable parts (identical parts of a product could easily be produced and replaced)

Question 3

Telegraph

Answer 3

Developed by Samuel Morse, used morse code to achieve instantaneous communication of news and by 1861, connects the entire country

Question 4

Main sources of trasportation

Answer 4

Railroads, road construction, canal construction and steamboats

Question 5

Transcontinental

Answer 5

Large railway that spanned across the US, connecting the west and the east

Question 6

Industrialization only really transforms the U.S. in the second industrial revolution, in the period following the _____________.

Answer 6

Civil war (1861-1865)

Question 7

Key variables (7-8)

Answer 7

Natural resources, american territorial expansion, population growth, creation of mass market in the US, technology to facilitate mass market, american financial system, role of gouv. In advancing industrial growth, american ideology

Question 8

Typewriter: 1870s (economic and social impact)

Answer 8

• professionalism, standardization, mass production
• employment of women
• fast paced work creating schedules and expectations

Question 9

Agricultural inventions

Answer 9

Combines, reapers, threshers, steal plows, barbed wire

Question 10

Barbed wire (benefits and limitations)

Answer 10

Benefits:
-relatively inexpensive
-labour efficient
-commonplace and available
-successful in doing what it intended to do (establish property/ownership)
Limitations:
-sags in summer
-brittle in winter
-cows can get around
-impedes movement of bison, removing livelyhood of plains indians (creating tension and violence)

Question 11

Thomas Edison

Answer 11

Invention factory, phonograph, motion picture camera, stock ticket, incandescent lightbulb

Question 12

Alexander grahm bell

Answer 12

Worked in sound technology, invented telephone (instantaneous communication, actual dialogue, connected country)

Question 13

Electricity

Answer 13

New ways of generating, experimentation with electromagnetism, edison patents lightbulb

Question 14

Mass marketing

Answer 14

Selling opportunities and associations as much as products, emergence of professional advertising agencies and mass consumption

Question 15

Taylorism

Answer 15

Production efficiency and methodology that breaks every action, job or task into small and simple segments which can easily be analyzed and taught

Question 16

Railroads (main significance)

Answer 16

• helped with communications and transportation
• key to post civil war economic growth
• most important form of transportation until 1950s
• facilitates westward expansion and unification of america