8. Stress Flashcards
stress hormones: good and bad summary
- body secretes a bunch of hormones (mostly adrenalin) to maintain homeostasis when our emotions cause imbalance
- being knocked out of homeostasis causes stress
- body was not designed for prolongued feelings of stress
hypothalamus
- lies between the thalamus and the pituitary gland
- one of bodys largest regulators of homeostasis
- ## contains centers for maintaining thirst, hunger, temperature, blood glucose concentrations etc
stress hormones: good and bad summary
- body secretes a bunch of hormones (mostly adrenalin) to maintain homeostasis when our emotions cause imbalance
- being knocked out of homeostasis causes stress
- you need energy to save ur life not energy stored in ur fat cells for some project due next spring
- body was not designed for prolonged feelings of stress
consequences of stressing for extended period of time
- metabolic disorders,
- chronic increase in blood pressure
- hindering growth and repair
- psychogenic growth disorders
how does the stress response work?
- get energy from storage sites to exercising muscle - glucose and fatty acids
- deliver that energy as fast as possible. increase heart rate and breathing to get oxygen and glucose to ur muscles asap
- turn off digestion and what does not serve u
consequences of stressing for extended period of time
- metabolic disorders,
- chronic increase in blood pressure
- hindering growth and repair
- psychogenic growth disorders
- ulcer
- psychogenic dwarfism
- immune system shuts down
what happens during first minutes of stress
- more sensitive to sensory info
- memory is enhanced
- “what did i do last time to get out of this situation”
why does chronic stress cause disease?
because stress suppresses the immune system
what part does the brain play in
it controls all the stress response hormones that are secreted when feeling stressed
glucocorticoids
- secreted by adrenal gland
- major group of stress hormones
how are glucocorticoids released?
- stressors happen, hypothalamus secretes hormones which leads to
- pituitary gland releases adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
- this sends message to adrenals to secrete glucocorticoids
anxiety physiological definition
- a branch of the stress response being chronically overactive
glucocorticoids
- secreted by adrenal gland
- major group of stress hormones
depression physiological/stress definition
when in face of stress you give up instead of trying to cope. this is overactivity of another branch of stress hormone
glucocorticoids negative effects on brain
- can damage the nervous system by killing neurons in hippocampus (critical for learning and retention of long-term memory)
- this leads to decreasing likelihood to survive a stroke, seizure, and infections like HIV
syndromes of chronic stress involving hippocampus atrophy: Cushing’s disease
results from a lot of tumors
which then cause an abundance of glucocorticoids
(higher level of glucocorticoids, greater hippocampal atrophy
ADD + ADHD
60
there can be arousal without stress but/and there can/cannot be stress without arousal
arousal without stress but no stress without arousal
when arousal happens, what two things are released into the bloodstream by the sympathetic NS?
adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenalin (norepinephrine)
what are the two types of stressors?
external stimuli
cognitive processes
physiological stimuli
external stimuli
- when there is arousal constantly but there is failure to resolve the situation causing it and stress,
cognitive processes
- in this case, stressors are informational discrepancies (lack of ability to solve problem or expectations not met)
- coping is activated by sympathetic reflexes
u could say stressors are loud sounds and such but what evokes stress can be triggers from past experiences
- corticosteroids is secreted given certain contexts for example being exposed to new situations can cause it
physiological stimuli
physiological disturbances like blood loss cause stress cuz homeostasis is tryna do its thing
4 criteria of stress
1) over time actions respond to a situation but fails to correct the issue in the situation
2)
page 343
what external stimuli triggers behavioral and physiological activation
stressors
what reduces impact of stressors?
coping
ask this to group like what does this paragraph actually mean
stress can be associated with active strategies and sympathetic domination or passive strategies with bias towards parasympathetic activity
what re the 2 branches of autonomic NS
sympathetic branch
parasympathetic b
autonomic ns: sympathetic branch
- activated by emergencies
- emergencies cause high heart rate, and blood vessels in skeletal muscle are dilated increasing blood flow even if in many areas theyre constricted
autonomic ns: sympathetic branch
- activated by emergencies
- emergencies cause high heart rate, and blood vessels in skeletal muscle are dilated increasing blood flow even if in many areas theyre constricted
- SNS releases
what is released when SNS is activated (autonomic ns)
catecholamines:
1: noradrenalin from sympathetic neurons
2; adrenalin from adrenal gland
in circulatory system, adrenalin and noradrenlin occupy 2 types of receptors
alpha adrenergic and beta adrenergic
autonomic ns: parasympathetic branch
day to day maintenance like digestion
corticosteroids
- released thru adrenal gland in adrenal cortex
triggers
- act via CNS processing
- ## HPA activation
HPA activation
- increases supply of glucose to blood
why is stress bad for health when nor fight nor flight is a necessary reaction? (e.g mad at boss)
- lipids (fatty substances) are released in bloodstream in large amounts and if theyre not metabolized, they gather around walls of arteries causing arteriosclerosis
controllability
controlling stuff decreases stress
- out of control causes depression
HPA axis
- increases supply of glucose to blood
sensitization
when exposed to stressor a lot, the nervous system increases the hormonal and behavior reactions.
e.g inescapable stressor can lead to social anxiety
sensitization
when exposed to stressor a lot, the nervous system increases the hormonal and behavior reactions.
exposure to a stressor can sensitize subsequent reactions to stressors
what systems do stressors activate and lower activity?
high sympathetic low activity of parasympathetic system
leucocytes (white cells)
- make up immune system
- stored at certain depots in the body
- carried in the body fluids e.g blood
- are attack team for bad invaders
lymphocyte
when body has an invader, they tend to proliferate and join the opposite team
irritable bowel syndrowm
- abnormal patterns if defecation and pain
- associated with psychiatric illness anxiety depression ptsd
- p. 10 of toates
