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Bio & Neuropsychology > 8. Stress > Flashcards

8. Stress Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

stress hormones: good and bad summary

A
  • body secretes a bunch of hormones (mostly adrenalin) to maintain homeostasis when our emotions cause imbalance
  • being knocked out of homeostasis causes stress
  • body was not designed for prolongued feelings of stress
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2
Q

hypothalamus

A
  • lies between the thalamus and the pituitary gland
  • one of bodys largest regulators of homeostasis
  • ## contains centers for maintaining thirst, hunger, temperature, blood glucose concentrations etc
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3
Q

stress hormones: good and bad summary

A
  • body secretes a bunch of hormones (mostly adrenalin) to maintain homeostasis when our emotions cause imbalance
  • being knocked out of homeostasis causes stress
  • you need energy to save ur life not energy stored in ur fat cells for some project due next spring
  • body was not designed for prolonged feelings of stress
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4
Q

consequences of stressing for extended period of time

A
  • metabolic disorders,
  • chronic increase in blood pressure
  • hindering growth and repair
  • psychogenic growth disorders
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5
Q

how does the stress response work?

A
  1. get energy from storage sites to exercising muscle - glucose and fatty acids
  2. deliver that energy as fast as possible. increase heart rate and breathing to get oxygen and glucose to ur muscles asap
  3. turn off digestion and what does not serve u
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6
Q

consequences of stressing for extended period of time

A
  • metabolic disorders,
  • chronic increase in blood pressure
  • hindering growth and repair
  • psychogenic growth disorders
  • ulcer
  • psychogenic dwarfism
  • immune system shuts down
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7
Q

what happens during first minutes of stress

A
  • more sensitive to sensory info
  • memory is enhanced
  • “what did i do last time to get out of this situation”
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8
Q

why does chronic stress cause disease?

A

because stress suppresses the immune system

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9
Q

what part does the brain play in

A

it controls all the stress response hormones that are secreted when feeling stressed

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10
Q

glucocorticoids

A
  • secreted by adrenal gland

- major group of stress hormones

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11
Q

how are glucocorticoids released?

A
  1. stressors happen, hypothalamus secretes hormones which leads to
  2. pituitary gland releases adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
  3. this sends message to adrenals to secrete glucocorticoids
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12
Q

anxiety physiological definition

A
  • a branch of the stress response being chronically overactive
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13
Q

glucocorticoids

A
  • secreted by adrenal gland

- major group of stress hormones

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14
Q

depression physiological/stress definition

A

when in face of stress you give up instead of trying to cope. this is overactivity of another branch of stress hormone

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15
Q

glucocorticoids negative effects on brain

A
  • can damage the nervous system by killing neurons in hippocampus (critical for learning and retention of long-term memory)
  • this leads to decreasing likelihood to survive a stroke, seizure, and infections like HIV
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16
Q

syndromes of chronic stress involving hippocampus atrophy: Cushing’s disease

A

results from a lot of tumors
which then cause an abundance of glucocorticoids
(higher level of glucocorticoids, greater hippocampal atrophy

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17
Q

ADD + ADHD

A

60

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18
Q

there can be arousal without stress but/and there can/cannot be stress without arousal

A

arousal without stress but no stress without arousal

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19
Q

when arousal happens, what two things are released into the bloodstream by the sympathetic NS?

A

adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenalin (norepinephrine)

20
Q

what are the two types of stressors?

A

external stimuli
cognitive processes
physiological stimuli

21
Q

external stimuli

A
  • when there is arousal constantly but there is failure to resolve the situation causing it and stress,
22
Q

cognitive processes

A
  • in this case, stressors are informational discrepancies (lack of ability to solve problem or expectations not met)
  • coping is activated by sympathetic reflexes

u could say stressors are loud sounds and such but what evokes stress can be triggers from past experiences
- corticosteroids is secreted given certain contexts for example being exposed to new situations can cause it

23
Q

physiological stimuli

A

physiological disturbances like blood loss cause stress cuz homeostasis is tryna do its thing

24
Q

4 criteria of stress

A

1) over time actions respond to a situation but fails to correct the issue in the situation
2)
page 343

25
Q

what external stimuli triggers behavioral and physiological activation

A

stressors

26
Q

what reduces impact of stressors?

A

coping

27
Q

ask this to group like what does this paragraph actually mean

A

stress can be associated with active strategies and sympathetic domination or passive strategies with bias towards parasympathetic activity

28
Q

what re the 2 branches of autonomic NS

A

sympathetic branch

parasympathetic b

29
Q

autonomic ns: sympathetic branch

A
  • activated by emergencies
  • emergencies cause high heart rate, and blood vessels in skeletal muscle are dilated increasing blood flow even if in many areas theyre constricted
30
Q

autonomic ns: sympathetic branch

A
  • activated by emergencies
  • emergencies cause high heart rate, and blood vessels in skeletal muscle are dilated increasing blood flow even if in many areas theyre constricted
  • SNS releases
31
Q

what is released when SNS is activated (autonomic ns)

A

catecholamines:
1: noradrenalin from sympathetic neurons
2; adrenalin from adrenal gland

32
Q

in circulatory system, adrenalin and noradrenlin occupy 2 types of receptors

A

alpha adrenergic and beta adrenergic

33
Q

autonomic ns: parasympathetic branch

A

day to day maintenance like digestion

34
Q

corticosteroids

A
  • released thru adrenal gland in adrenal cortex
35
Q

triggers

A
  • act via CNS processing
  • ## HPA activation
36
Q

HPA activation

A
  • increases supply of glucose to blood
37
Q

why is stress bad for health when nor fight nor flight is a necessary reaction? (e.g mad at boss)

A
  • lipids (fatty substances) are released in bloodstream in large amounts and if theyre not metabolized, they gather around walls of arteries causing arteriosclerosis
38
Q

controllability

A

controlling stuff decreases stress

- out of control causes depression

39
Q

HPA axis

A
  • increases supply of glucose to blood
40
Q

sensitization

A

when exposed to stressor a lot, the nervous system increases the hormonal and behavior reactions.
e.g inescapable stressor can lead to social anxiety

41
Q

sensitization

A

when exposed to stressor a lot, the nervous system increases the hormonal and behavior reactions.

exposure to a stressor can sensitize subsequent reactions to stressors

42
Q

what systems do stressors activate and lower activity?

A

high sympathetic low activity of parasympathetic system

43
Q

leucocytes (white cells)

A
  • make up immune system
  • stored at certain depots in the body
  • carried in the body fluids e.g blood
  • are attack team for bad invaders
44
Q

lymphocyte

A

when body has an invader, they tend to proliferate and join the opposite team

45
Q

irritable bowel syndrowm

A
  • abnormal patterns if defecation and pain
  • associated with psychiatric illness anxiety depression ptsd
  • p. 10 of toates

Bio & Neuropsychology (7 decks)

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