3. inside the neuron

Question 1

resting potential

Answer 1

difference bertween cells and outside cells

Question 2

in simple terms, whats a nerve

Answer 2

a bundle of axons traveling together

Question 3

what are the 4 main parts of a neuron

Answer 3

dendrites
cell body
axon
axon terminal

Question 4

action potential

Answer 4

occurs when a neuron sends information down an axon, away from the cell body. Neuroscientists use other words, such as a “spike” or an “impulse” for the action potential. The action potential is an explosion of electrical activity that is created by a depolarizing current.

Question 5

ions

Answer 5

molecules that have either positive or negative charge from the structure.

Question 6

ions

Answer 6

an atom or group of atoms that carries a positive or negative electric charge as a result of having lost or gained one or more electrons

Question 7

resting potential

Answer 7

the difference between the charges inside and outside the cell. (inside the cell= -70 MV) (outside the cell= 0 MV) → ions cannot really move, makes the potential 0

Question 8

depolarization

Answer 8

is a change in the difference between the electric charge on the inside and the outside of the cell membrane and is when the cell becomes positively charged (or less negative)

Question 9

hyperpolarization

Answer 9

when the cell is becoming more negatively charged.

Question 10

difference between depolarization and hyperpolatization

Answer 10

dep = becomes positive charged
hyp = more negative charged

Question 11

what’s the relation between action potential and resting potential?

Answer 11

action potential is when a neuron sends info down the axon, the resting potential is when neuron is not firing, so it’s at rest.

Question 12

what are 3 factors that influence ion distribution

Answer 12

sodium potassium pump
electrostatic pressure
gradient

Question 13

sodium potassium pump

Answer 13

Main function to transport sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell
Why: critically important to the function of neurons. Helps maintain higher concentration of sodium ions outside the cell and higher concentrations of potassium ions inside the cell
This helps stabilize the cells membrane potential which is important for the neurons to be able to fire action potentials

Question 14

electrostatic pressure

Answer 14

when the sodium pumps are open the electrostatic pressure forces the ion to go into the cell because the ions are positively charged and the inside of the cell is negatively charged, sodium ions are positively charged, forces the potassium ions to stay inside the cell.

the membrane is permeable but only for some molecules the sodium cannot get back in but the potassium can sometimes leak out, the leakage increases the electrostatic gradient.

Question 15

gradient

Answer 15

the tendency of the ions to down the concentration gradient and this is what causes random motion of ions and molecules.