8: Social Programs and Taxation Flashcards
1
Q
What is a social program?
A
Services provided by government to reduce economic inequalities and promote the well-being of citizens
Social programs often include healthcare, education, and welfare services.
2
Q
What are the potential costs of medical services mentioned?
A
X-rays can cost hundreds of dollars, and some medical procedures can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars
Examples include surgeries and cancer treatments.
3
Q
Who ultimately pays for public health care in Canada?
A
Citizens pay for public health care through taxes
The government uses these taxes to fund health care services.
4
Q
What is the relationship between taxes and social programs?
A
Taxes are used by the government to fund social programs that benefit citizens
This includes healthcare and other public services.
5
Q
What underlying values are explored in the chapter regarding economic policies?
A
Values related to social programs and taxation in Canada and the U.S.
These values reflect societal beliefs about welfare and economic support.
6
Q
What should Canadians consider regarding social programs and taxation?
A
How political and economic decision-making can affect people’s quality of life
This includes understanding the impact of policies on society.
7
Q
What are the focus questions of the chapter?
A
- How do decisions about social programs and taxation in Canada and the U.S. meet the needs of citizens?
- What values shape the economic policies of political parties on social programs and taxation?
These questions guide the exploration of the chapter’s themes.
8
Q
Fill in the blank: Social programs like health care are _______ - but not really.
A
free
This statement highlights the misconception that public services do not have costs associated with them.
9
Q
True or False: The quality of life is unaffected by government decisions on taxation and social programs.
A
False
Government decisions directly influence the quality of life for citizens.
10
Q
How do decisions on taxation reflect societal values?
A
They can indicate what people believe is important for the welfare of all citizens
This includes prioritizing education, health care, and social services.
11
Q
What is the role of food banks?
A
Food banks counter the effects of poverty
They receive support from voluntary donations and government assistance.
12
Q
What type of support do some people in Canada and the U.S. receive?
A
Income support paid for by taxes
This support is aimed at helping those in need.
13
Q
How many people are homeless in Canada?
A
Thousands
This highlights the ongoing issue of homelessness in the country.
14
Q
What type of support do governments in Canada and the U.S. provide?
A
Support to people in distress or those who cannot meet their basic needs
This includes various forms of assistance for vulnerable populations.
15
Q
What challenges do some senior citizens face?
A
They are retired or unable to earn income due to health or other reasons
This can affect their financial stability.
16
Q
How do Canada and the U.S. differ in their support for senior citizens?
A
They have different positions on supporting senior citizens
These differences can influence the level of assistance available.
17
Q
What is the primary focus of the section about social programs in Canada and the U.S.?
A
Decisions about social programs and taxation in Canada and the U.S. and how they meet the needs of citizens.
The section includes comparisons of health care policies, articles on differing views about health care, and information on taxation.
18
Q
What types of materials are included in this section to illustrate social programs?
A
A comic, charts comparing policies, articles presenting views about health care, and information about taxation.
These materials help to visualize and understand the differences in social programs.
19
Q
What should readers consider while exploring social programs in Canada and the U.S.?
A
Why social programs differ and why policies about social programs and taxation are linked.
This helps in understanding the underlying reasons for differences in social policies.
20
Q
Define ‘values’ in the context of social programs.
A
Beliefs about what’s important, influencing opinions and decisions about quality of life issues.
Values can include democracy, respect, accountability, and peace.
21
Q
What factors can influence an individual’s values?
A
Family, school, religion, media, and life experiences.
These influences can lead to changes in values over time.
22
Q
How do shared values impact society, such as in Canada?
A
They shape laws and social programs.
Shared values create a foundation for societal norms and policies.
23
Q
What is the significance of the photographs mentioned in the text?
A
They communicate societal values.
The photographs reflect public sentiments and values regarding crime and child welfare.
24
Q
What proposal did Liberal leader Stéphane Dion make on March 14, 2007?
A
To fight crime by providing more money to hire police officers.
This reflects a value placed on safety and security within the community.
25
What initiative did Conservative Prime Minister Stephen Harper announce on March 19, 2008?
Funding to provide medical-alert bracelets to every school-aged child with a medical condition.
## Footnote
This initiative showcases a commitment to child welfare and health care.
26
What are social programs?
Services provided by government and paid for by taxes, aiming to reduce economic inequalities and promote well-being.
27
What services might count as social programs?
Health care, pensions for senior citizens, income assistance, education, affordable housing, child protection services, employment insurance, child care.
28
Which three key program areas does this chapter focus on?
Health care, pensions for senior citizens, income assistance.
29
What influences a government's decision to provide social programs?
Different economic philosophies and values.
30
How does Canada fund its health care system?
Public funds through taxes.
31
How does the U.S. health care system differ from Canada's?
The U.S. has private health care where individuals cover their own medical costs.
32
What is health insurance?
An agreement by a company to pay for health services in exchange for a regular fee.
33
What is private health care?
Health care paid for by individuals.
34
What is profit in the context of health care?
Money made from a product or service above and beyond the cost of providing it.
35
What is public health care?
Health care paid for by taxes.
36
True or False: In the U.S., health care is primarily funded by public taxes.
False.
37
Fill in the blank: In Canada, health care is funded through _______.
[public funds through taxes]
38
What is the purpose of the employment insurance program in Canada?
Provides financial assistance to people who lost their jobs
## Footnote
Initially supported by taxes in 1971, it was still administered in 2007 without tax support.
39
What does the Canada Health Act regulate?
It regulates the funding and delivery of health care services in Canada
## Footnote
Each province decides what services are paid for by taxes under this act.
40
How is basic health care provided to Canadian citizens?
Through a system paid for by taxes, funded by federal and provincial governments.
41
At what age do citizens qualify for pensions in Canada?
At age 65.
42
What is the eligibility criteria for pensions for senior citizens in Canada?
Must have lived in Canada for at least 10 years.
43
What federal legislation governs pensions for senior citizens in Canada?
Old Age Security Act.
44
What type of assistance do citizens receive if they cannot meet basic needs?
Income assistance.
45
What are the basic needs covered by income assistance?
Food, clothing, and shelter.
46
Who funds the income assistance program in Canada?
Federal and provincial governments.
47
How do eligibility rules for income assistance vary?
They vary from province to province.
48
What is a critical thinking challenge regarding social programs?
Why might the values that shape social programs change over time?
49
What is the primary source of funding for health care in Canada?
Taxes.
50
What determines the specific services covered by taxes in each province?
Decisions made by each province under the Canada Health Act.
51
What is the role of provincial governments in income assistance?
They set criteria for eligibility and have their own legislation.
52
What is the foundation of the federal-provincial division of powers in Canada's constitution?
Different levels of government provide and fund social programs.
53
What responsibility do the provinces have under Canada's constitution?
Health care.
54
What is the federal government's responsibility regarding governance in Canada?
'Peace, order and good government.'
55
What effect does the federal government have on provincial responsibilities?
It can pass laws that affect how provinces carry out their responsibilities.
56
What is the Canada Health Act?
A federal law that sets out five principles for health care in Canada.
57
List the five principles of the Canada Health Act.
* Publicly administered
* Comprehensive
* Universal
* Portable
* Accessible
58
What does 'publicly administered' mean in the context of the Canada Health Act?
Run by government for no profit.
59
What does 'comprehensive' mean regarding services provided under the Canada Health Act?
For care provided by hospitals, physicians, and surgeons.
60
What does 'universal' signify in the Canada Health Act?
Available to everyone.
61
What does 'portable' mean in the context of the Canada Health Act?
Available everywhere in Canada, regardless of where you reside.
62
What does 'accessible' indicate in the Canada Health Act?
Available within reasonable time and distance.
63
Do the principles of the Canada Health Act apply to dental care and eye care?
No.
64
What social programs did the U.S. lack in 2007 compared to Canada?
The U.S. did not provide social programs in all the areas that Canada provided.
65
How is health care provided to citizens with low incomes in the U.S.?
Health care is paid for by taxes.
66
What percentage of people in the U.S. did not have health insurance in 2007?
About 15 percent.
67
What is the primary legislation involved in health care assistance in the U.S.?
Social Security Act (federal).
68
How do senior citizens in the U.S. generally support themselves?
Through personal savings and pension plans.
69
What is the role of legislation in providing pensions for senior citizens in the U.S.?
There is no specific legislation.
70
What type of assistance do citizens unable to meet their basic needs receive?
Income assistance, paid for by taxes.
71
Who funds income assistance in the U.S.?
The federal and state governments.
72
What federal law is involved in determining eligibility for income assistance?
Social Security Act (federal).
73
True or False: The U.S. Constitution specifies federal and state responsibilities regarding social programs.
False.
74
Fill in the blank: The federal and state governments are involved in setting criteria for who is eligible to receive _______.
income assistance.
75
What are the two key problems identified by President George W. Bush regarding the U.S. health care system?
Rising costs and the number of Americans without health insurance
## Footnote
President Bush proposed to address these issues by computerizing health records and making private insurance more affordable.
76
What solution does President Bush propose to reduce health care costs?
Computerizing health records and eliminating wasteful lawsuits against doctors
## Footnote
This is aimed at improving efficiency in the health care system.
77
What does President Bush want to do to help Americans without health insurance?
Make private insurance more affordable
## Footnote
He believes this will allow Americans to choose coverage that fits their needs.
78
What is President Bush's stance on the government's role in health care?
He rejects increasing the role of government in providing health care
## Footnote
Bush argues that private medicine makes America's health care the best in the world.
79
What issue does Canada's Conservative government address in their Speech from the Throne?
Long wait times for critical procedures in the public health insurance system
## Footnote
The government acknowledges that Canadians are not receiving the health care they have paid for.
80
What does the Canadian government believe is necessary for the health care system?
Innovation to reduce wait times and overall costs
## Footnote
Innovations must align with the principles of universally accessible and equitable public health care.
81
Who delivers the Speech from the Throne in Canada?
The Governor General
## Footnote
The speech outlines the government's plans and is read by the Governor General as Canada's head of state.
82
Fill in the blank: President George W. Bush delivered the State of the Union address on _______.
January 20, 2004
## Footnote
This address outlines the president's plans for the coming year.
83
True or False: President Bush believes the American health care system is best served by increased government intervention.
False
## Footnote
He supports preserving the system of private medicine.
84
Fill in the blank: Canada's Conservative government emphasizes the need for health care changes to address _______.
long wait times for critical procedures
## Footnote
They stress that Canadians deserve timely health care.
85
What is the primary purpose of taxation?
To pay for the services provided to citizens, such as social programs.
## Footnote
Taxation funds various government services including healthcare and education.
86
Which levels of government in Canada collect taxes?
Both federal and provincial governments.
## Footnote
The federal government transfers some collected taxes to the provinces.
87
What are the two main types of taxes paid by Canadian citizens to the federal and provincial governments?
Income tax and sales tax.
## Footnote
Income tax is based on earnings, while sales tax is based on spending.
88
How is income tax determined?
Based on what you earn; the more money you earn, the more tax you pay.
## Footnote
This is a progressive tax system.
89
What does sales tax depend on?
What you spend on products and services; the more you spend, the more tax you pay.
## Footnote
The federal Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a common sales tax in Canada.
90
What is the Goods and Services Tax (GST)?
A federal sales tax in Canada that everyone pays.
## Footnote
It is applied to most goods and services sold in Canada.
91
True or False: Grade 9 students do not pay taxes.
False.
## Footnote
Grade 9 students pay GST on items they purchase.
92
What is the only tax paid when buying items in Alberta?
Goods and Services Tax (GST).
## Footnote
Other provinces may also charge a provincial sales tax.
93
What is the minimum income requirement for part-time working Grade 9 students regarding income tax?
They generally do not pay income tax because there is a minimum amount to earn before being taxed.
## Footnote
This threshold varies and is set by the government.
94
In 2005, what percentage of their income did Canadian families pay on average in taxes?
17 percent.
## Footnote
This percentage reflects average tax burdens on families across Canada.
95
What would a family earning $67,000 in 2005 pay in taxes?
About $11,000.
## Footnote
This is calculated based on the average tax rate of 17 percent.
96
Define 'median' in the context of statistics.
The middle number in a set of data organized in order of least to most.
## Footnote
The median helps to understand the central tendency of data.
97
What is sales tax?
Tax paid at the time of buying a product or service, based on a percentage of the price.
## Footnote
It varies by province and type of product.
98
What percentage of government spending did social programs represent in Canada in 2007?
The percentage of government spending on social programs in Canada in 2007 was 32%.
## Footnote
This includes affordable housing and pensions for senior citizens.
99
What was the percentage of spending on health by Canada's Government in 2007?
19%
## Footnote
This amount was transferred to provinces through the Canada Health Transfer.
100
What percentage of Alberta's Government spending was allocated to health in 2007?
33%
## Footnote
This indicates a higher focus on health compared to Canada's overall spending.
101
Fill in the blank: In 2007, the spending on education by Canada's Government was _______.
15%
## Footnote
Education spending includes funding for universities and colleges.
102
What percentage of Alberta's Government spending was dedicated to education in 2007?
25%
## Footnote
This figure refers to education from kindergarten to Grade 12.
103
Which category represented 3% of spending by Canada's Government in 2007?
Foreign Affairs and International Assistance
## Footnote
This is a smaller portion compared to health and education.
104
True or False: In 2007, debt charges represented a higher percentage of spending by Alberta's Government than by Canada's Government.
False
## Footnote
Canada had 3% on debt charges while Alberta had only 2%.
105
What percentage of spending by Alberta's Government went to social services in 2007?
32%
## Footnote
This includes affordable housing and child protection.
106
What was the percentage of spending on recreation and culture by Alberta's Government in 2007?
2%
## Footnote
This is significantly lower compared to Canada's Government spending of 10%.
107
Fill in the blank: The spending on resource conservation and industry by Alberta's Government was _______.
4%
## Footnote
This reflects a smaller focus on resource conservation compared to other areas.
108
How much did transportation and communication account for in Alberta's Government spending in 2007?
2%
## Footnote
This indicates a lower investment in transportation and communication compared to social services.
109
What category accounted for the highest percentage of spending in both Canada's and Alberta's Governments in 2007?
Health in Alberta (33%) and Social Services in Canada (32%)
## Footnote
This shows a significant focus on health and social services in public spending.
110
What is a taxation model?
A policy about taxation that describes what to tax, how much to tax, and how to spend taxes.
111
How do taxation models reflect values?
They illustrate the priorities of a society regarding taxation and spending.
112
What is tax evasion?
Avoiding paying the taxes you owe.
113
Is tax evasion legal in Canada?
False.
114
What must Canadians report to the government?
What they earn.
115
What is the tax base?
The economic activity that governments tax to pay for services.
116
What does tax evasion involve?
Not reporting your economic activity.
117
What is the underground economy?
Economic activity that functions in secret from the government.
118
What is another term for the underground economy?
Black market.
119
How does economic decision making about taxes affect quality of life?
It influences funding for social programs and services.
120
Name two examples of programs that taxes can fund.
* Education
* Income Assistance
121
What are social programs?
Services provided by government funded through taxes.
122
What do the charts on page 282 show?
That social programs represent a large part of government spending in Canada.
123
What can tax evasion affect?
Programs and services for everyone.
124
Fill in the blank: The economic activity that governments tax is called the _______.
tax base.
125
Fill in the blank: People who work without paying taxes are part of the _______.
underground economy.
126
True or False: It is acceptable to misrepresent your income to avoid taxes.
False.
127
What are the economic policies connected to social programs of political parties in Canada and the U.S.?
Economic policies related to social programs differ among political parties and reflect their platforms.
128
What do you need to look for when reading about political parties' economic policies?
You should look for where economic policies fit into the political platforms and the underlying values of the parties.
129
Who was the leader of the Liberal Party of Canada in 2007?
Stéphane Dion
130
Who was the leader of the Green Party of Canada in 2007?
Elizabeth May
131
Who was the leader of the Bloc Québécois in 2007?
Gilles Duceppe
132
Who was the leader of the New Democratic Party of Canada in 2007?
Jack Layton
133
Who was the leader of the Conservative Party of Canada in 2007?
Stephen Harper
134
Fill in the blank: The economic policies of political parties reflect their _______.
[platforms]
135
True or False: The economic policies of political parties are unrelated to their social programs.
False
136
What type of information will you find about political party platforms?
Charts comparing the policies of different political parties.
137
What values shape the economic policies of political parties?
Values underlying the economic policies vary among political parties.
138
What is a political platform?
A political platform describes the official policies of a political party, reflecting various issues including social programs and taxation models.
139
Why do political parties create platforms?
To reflect the values of their members and to consult constituents about issues that concern voters.
140
How do political parties adjust their platforms?
By adding and removing policies as issues become more or less important to their members and voters.
141
What factors can influence changes in political platforms?
Local, national, and world events.
142
List key issues for the Bloc Québécois.
* Canada's role in Afghanistan
* Climate change
* Child care
* Employment
* Federal role in Québec affairs
* Gun control
* International affairs
143
List key issues for the Conservative Party of Canada.
* Crime
* Government accountability
* Child care
* Environment
* Health care
* Leadership
* Lower taxes
* Sovereignty in the Arctic
144
List key issues for the Green Party of Canada.
* Aboriginal peoples
* Climate change
* Culture and identity
* Elections based on popular vote
* Equality for women
* Health care
* Immigration
* Justice system
* Québec within Confederation
* Sustainable development
* Urban and rural Canada
145
List key issues for the Liberal Party of Canada.
* Aboriginal peoples
* Agriculture and rural Canada
* Communities
* Economy
* Environment
* Equality for women
* Families
* Health care
* International affairs
146
List key issues for the New Democratic Party of Canada.
* Aboriginal peoples
* Economy
* Education
* Elections based on popular vote
* Environment
* Equality for women
* Health care
* Poverty
* Senior citizens
147
True or False: The Bloc Québécois runs candidates only in Québec.
True
148
Fill in the blank: Canadians can also elect ________, who are not members of any political party.
independent MPs
149
What is the significance of the chart presented in the text?
It presents information on federal political parties in Canada based on issues posted on their official websites.
150
What does the text suggest about the comparison between Canadian and U.S. political party platforms?
It encourages examining how the issues listed in the Canadian chart compare to those in the U.S. and to what extent they reflect similar or different values.
151
What forms the basis of economic policies?
Values
## Footnote
Economic policies come from values and form part of the platform of political parties.
152
How do policies within platforms relate to political parties?
Indicate where parties fit on the economic continuum
## Footnote
The platforms shown are models, not the platforms of real political parties.
153
What is the belief regarding economic inequalities in Political Party A?
Economic inequalities are unjust
## Footnote
Government should strive to eliminate economic inequalities.
154
What role does government play according to Political Party A?
Central role in ensuring well-being
## Footnote
Government provides extensive social programs.
155
What is the taxation model of Political Party A?
High taxes for social programs
## Footnote
Taxes are high to pay for social programs and other government services for everybody.
156
What is the belief regarding individual income in Political Party B?
Individuals should have the freedom to better their own incomes
## Footnote
No one should live in poverty.
157
What is the public good perspective in Political Party B?
Comes from individualism and cooperation
## Footnote
Society needs to cooperate to assist those in need.
158
What role does government play in Political Party B?
Some role in ensuring well-being
## Footnote
Government provides some social programs.
159
What is the taxation model of Political Party B?
Moderate taxes for social programs
## Footnote
Taxes are moderate and spent to provide some social programs and other government services.
160
What is the belief regarding individual responsibility in Political Party C?
Individuals should be responsible for their own well-being
## Footnote
Assisting individuals reduces their motivation to solve their own problems.
161
What is the public good perspective in Political Party C?
Comes from individualism
## Footnote
People acting without interference from society.
162
What role does government play in Political Party C?
No role in ensuring well-being
## Footnote
Government provides no social programs.
163
What is the taxation model of Political Party C?
Low taxes for minimum government programs
## Footnote
Taxes are low and spent on a minimum of government programs and services.
164
Fill in the blank: The economic policies of a political party are part of its _______.
platform
165
True or False: Political Party A believes in high taxes to fund social programs.
True
166
True or False: Political Party C supports extensive social programs.
False
167
What is the relationship between values, policies, and the economic continuum?
Economic policies come from values and indicate party positions
## Footnote
This reflects how different political ideologies shape economic strategies.
168
What critical thinking challenge is posed regarding political party values?
How would the different values of policies of each political party affect your quality of life?
169
What health care policy does the Bloc Québécois support?
Supports accessible health care for all citizens
## Footnote
This is a core value shaping the Bloc Québécois's policies.
170
What financial assistance does the Bloc Québécois advocate for senior citizens?
Income assistance for senior citizens in financial need, beyond payments under the Old Age Security Act
## Footnote
This reflects their commitment to social programs.
171
What initiative has the Conservative Party of Canada taken to reduce patient wait times?
Provided $612 million in new funding to help provinces reduce patient wait times
## Footnote
This is part of their strategy to improve the health care system.
172
What tax policy changes has the Conservative Party of Canada implemented?
Cut the GST from 7% to 6%, and now to 5%
## Footnote
This is a tax cut aimed at benefiting all Canadians.
173
What is the Green Party of Canada's stance on health care?
Fully supports the Canada Health Act and opposes any level of privatized, for-profit health care
## Footnote
This shows their commitment to public health care.
174
What economic policy does the Green Party of Canada propose?
Steps towards a Guaranteed Livable Income (GLI) for all
## Footnote
A GLI could eliminate poverty by providing a regular annual payment to every Canadian.
175
What is the Liberal Party of Canada's commitment regarding health care?
Will ensure that the health care system continues to be available for all Canadians, regardless of location or income
## Footnote
This highlights their dedication to social equality.
176
Fill in the blank: The _______ Party of Canada opposes any level of privatized, for-profit health care.
Green
## Footnote
This reflects their values regarding public health care.
177
True or False: The Conservative Party of Canada has increased taxes to improve the economy.
False
## Footnote
They have implemented tax cuts as part of their economic policy.
178
What is a key principle of the Green Party of Canada regarding income support?
A Guaranteed Livable Income (GLI) could eliminate poverty
## Footnote
This policy would provide a financial safety net for all Canadians.
179
What is the Liberal Party's view on social programs?
Canada has the capacity to improve its social programs and ensure equality of opportunity
## Footnote
This demonstrates their focus on social equity.
180
What do Canadians want regarding health care?
Quality, reliable health care for everyone, not just those who can afford to buy it
## Footnote
This reflects the NDP's commitment to public medicare.
181
What is the NDP's stance on poverty?
Poverty denies freedom and hope, and confronting it means recognizing human dignity and responsibility to help others
## Footnote
This highlights the NDP's values regarding social responsibility.
182
What health care support does the NDP advocate for?
Measures to provide health insurance to every citizen
## Footnote
This ensures all citizens can afford medical care.
183
What income support does the NDP support for senior citizens?
Continuation of income support for those who can't meet their basic needs
## Footnote
This emphasizes the NDP's commitment to vulnerable populations.
184
What tax policy does the NDP support?
Lower taxes
## Footnote
This reflects the NDP's approach to fiscal policy.
185
What is a critical thinking challenge regarding political parties?
Why might political parties focus on similar issues and how does their response reflect different values?
## Footnote
This encourages analysis of political strategies and ideologies.
186
What health care policy does the Democratic Party support?
Making private health care insurance more affordable through tax cuts
## Footnote
This indicates a focus on market-based solutions.
187
What changes to income support does the Republican Party support?
Changes that reduce taxes in the long term
## Footnote
This reflects a fiscal conservative approach.
188
List some major issues and platforms associated with the Democratic Party.
* Health care
* Environment
* Energy supply
* Immigration
* Justice system
* National security
* Social security
* Economy
* Education
## Footnote
This showcases the Democratic Party's comprehensive platform.
189
List some major issues and platforms associated with the Republican Party.
* Health care
* Lower taxes
* National security
* Social security
* Justice system
* Economy
* Faith (religion) and values
## Footnote
This highlights key Republican Party priorities.
190
What does Chapter 8 explore regarding social programs and taxation?
Decisions about social programs and taxation in Canada and the U.S. attempt to meet the needs of citizens.
191
What values shape the economic policies of political parties on social programs and taxation?
Values that influence economic policies include social equity, economic efficiency, and individual responsibility.
192
What is the main chapter issue discussed?
To what extent should Canadians support social programs and taxation?
193
What activity is suggested to demonstrate learning about political parties in Canada and the U.S.?
Create a poster or other visual comparing the philosophy and platform of political parties.
194
What skill is emphasized when researching online articles about social programs?
Determining authenticity and validity of Internet information.
195
What should students do with their findings from researching social programs?
Summarize findings using publishing software and share with others.
196
What action is suggested regarding joining a political party?
Consider the purpose and benefits of joining the youth division of a political party.
197
What should students do after choosing a political party of interest?
Write or email the parties for more information on their policies.
198
What reflection prompts are provided at the end of Chapter 8?
1. The most important skill I learned about reaching consensus is... 2. In this chapter, I learned... about social programs, taxation and economic decision making in Canada and the U.S. 3. One thing I'd like to know more about the platforms of political parties is...
199
Fill in the blank: The most important skill I learned about reaching consensus is _______.
[key learning term]
200
Fill in the blank: In this chapter, I learned... about _______ and _______ in Canada and the U.S.
[social programs], [taxation]
201
True or False: The chapter encourages students to reflect on what they learned.
True
