1: Canada's Federal System Flashcards
1
Q
What does it mean to govern?
A
To make decisions as a government and put decisions into action
2
Q
Define governance.
A
The process of governing
3
Q
What is a government?
A
The body with power to make decisions for a society
4
Q
When did Canada become a country?
A
1867
5
Q
Who were the Fathers of Confederation?
A
Politicians who struck an agreement to bring four colonies of British North America under one government
6
Q
List the levels of government in Canada.
A
- Local government
- Provincial government
- Federal government
7
Q
How does Canada’s government affect Canadians?
A
Its decisions affect the quality of life of Canadians
8
Q
What is important for Canada’s government to acknowledge?
A
The different needs and priorities of its citizens
9
Q
What are the focus questions of this chapter?
A
- What is the structure of Canada’s federal political system?
- How do laws become laws?
- How do the media connect Canadians to their government?
- What do lobbyists do?
10
Q
How effectively does Canada’s federal political system govern Canada for all Canadians?
A
This is a key question explored in the chapter
11
Q
What should you look for as you read this chapter?
A
Challenges and opportunities that governance in Canada creates
12
Q
Fill in the blank: Canada has been a country since _______.
A
[1867]
13
Q
Who is Nancy Karetak-Lindell?
A
An Inuit politician elected as the member of parliament for Nunavut in 1997
Represents a significant change in governance in Canada since 1867 with increased representation for Indigenous peoples.
14
Q
What year was Rahim Jaffer first elected to represent Edmonton Strathcona?
A
1997
His family immigrated to Canada as refugees from Uganda.
15
Q
Which politician from Montréal was born in Haiti and elected in 2006?
A
Vivian Barbot
Represents the diversity of political representation in Canada.
16
Q
What was Paul Steckle’s profession before serving as a member of parliament?
A
Farmer
He served as a member of parliament from 1993 to 2006.
17
Q
What is the critical question regarding Canada’s federal political system?
A
How effectively does Canada’s federal political system govern Canada for all Canadians?
This question prompts analysis of representation and governance.
18
Q
Fill in the blank: Nancy Karetak-Lindell is of _______ ancestry.
A
Inuit
19
Q
Fill in the blank: Rahim Jaffer’s family came to Canada as refugees from _______.
A
Uganda
20
Q
True or False: Vivian Barbot was elected as a member of parliament in 2006.
A
True
21
Q
To what extent might the different experiences of Canadians affect their views or perspectives?
A
Varied experiences lead to diverse perspectives on governance
Encourages understanding of how personal backgrounds influence political views.
22
Q
What significant change in governance has occurred in Canada since 1867?
A
Increased representation of diverse populations, including Indigenous and immigrant communities
Reflects evolving governance structures in Canada.
23
Q
Who was the first Prime Minister of Canada?
A
John A. Macdonald
24
Q
What years did John A. Macdonald serve as Prime Minister?
A
1867-1873 and 1878-1891
25
Who was the Prime Minister of Canada from 1896 to 1911?
Wilfrid Laurier
26
Fill in the blank: John A. Macdonald served as Prime Minister during the years _______.
1867-1873 and 1878-1891
27
Fill in the blank: Wilfrid Laurier was Prime Minister from _______ to _______.
1896 to 1911
28
Who was the Prime Minister of Canada from 1957 to 1963?
John Diefenbaker
## Footnote
John Diefenbaker served as the 13th Prime Minister of Canada.
29
Who was the Prime Minister of Canada from 1968 to 1979?
Pierre Trudeau
## Footnote
Pierre Trudeau was the 15th Prime Minister and is known for his charismatic leadership.
30
Which Prime Minister served two non-consecutive terms, one from 1968 to 1979 and another from 1980 to 1984?
Pierre Trudeau
## Footnote
Trudeau's time in office is marked by significant social and economic reforms.
31
Fill in the blank: The Prime Minister of Canada from 1957 to 1963 was _______.
John Diefenbaker
32
Fill in the blank: The Prime Minister of Canada from 1968 to 1979 and again from 1980 to 1984 was _______.
Pierre Trudeau
33
What is Canada's constitution?
The law that describes governance in Canada.
34
What does Canada's constitution set out?
The role of the governor general and the different roles of the three branches of government.
35
Who is the formal head of state in Canada?
Britain's queen or king.
36
Who represents Britain's monarch in Canada?
The governor general.
37
What branches of government does the governor general belong to?
Both the executive and legislative branches.
38
What is the role of the Executive Branch?
Proposes most laws, puts laws into action, runs the day-to-day business of government.
39
What does the Legislative Branch do?
Makes laws and represents the interests and rights of Canada's regions.
40
What is the role of the Judicial Branch?
Applies and interprets laws.
41
What is the Supreme Court's role in Canada?
It is the highest court and interprets the law.
42
Fill in the blank: The _______ proposes most laws in Canada.
Executive Branch
43
True or False: The governor general actively participates in Canada's government.
False
44
What important institution is described in Canada's constitution?
The Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
45
What is the role of the Cabinet in Canada's government?
Part of the Executive Branch that helps propose and implement laws.
46
What is the primary function of the House of Commons?
To make laws.
47
What courts are part of the Judicial Branch in Canada?
Provincial/Territorial Courts and the Supreme Court.
48
Fill in the blank: The _______ represents the interests and rights of Canada's regions.
Legislative Branch
49
What does the constitution describe regarding the three branches of government?
How they work together to exercise the decision-making authority of government.
50
What is the executive branch?
The part of government responsible for putting laws into action.
51
Who was Jack Davis?
Canada's first Minister of Environment.
52
When was the environment portfolio created?
In 1971.
53
Why was the environment portfolio created?
Due to problems from pollution and pesticides making environmental issues a priority for Canadians.
54
What does the executive branch include?
The prime minister and the cabinet.
55
Who is the head of Canada's government?
The Prime Minister.
56
What must one do to become Prime Minister?
Be elected as the leader of a political party and as a member of parliament, and lead a party that wins the most seats in the House of Commons.
57
What is the role of the cabinet?
Includes people responsible for different government departments and agencies or portfolios.
58
Who are cabinet ministers?
Members of cabinet who are members of parliament (MPs) or senators.
59
What does the Prime Minister decide regarding the cabinet?
What portfolios to include and who the cabinet ministers are.
60
What does the cabinet propose?
Most of the ideas that become laws.
61
What is one example of a cabinet minister's responsibility?
The Minister of Environment runs the department of the environment.
62
What are political parties?
Groups of people with similar ideas about how government should respond to issues.
63
What do political parties seek to do?
Form the government.
64
Who can join a political party?
Anyone, including Grade 9 students.
65
Why does Canada have a variety of political parties?
Because Canadians have different views and perspectives.
66
Fill in the blank: The cabinet includes individuals responsible for different government _______.
[departments and agencies]
67
True or False: The Prime Minister is elected by the general public.
False
68
What is the executive branch?
The part of government responsible for putting laws into action.
69
Who was Jack Davis?
Canada's first Minister of Environment.
70
When was the environment portfolio created?
In 1971.
71
Why was the environment portfolio created?
Due to problems from pollution and pesticides making environmental issues a priority for Canadians.
72
What does the executive branch include?
The prime minister and the cabinet.
73
Who is the head of Canada's government?
The Prime Minister.
74
What must one do to become Prime Minister?
Be elected as the leader of a political party and as a member of parliament, and lead a party that wins the most seats in the House of Commons.
75
What is the role of the cabinet?
Includes people responsible for different government departments and agencies or portfolios.
76
Who are cabinet ministers?
Members of cabinet who are members of parliament (MPs) or senators.
77
What does the Prime Minister decide regarding the cabinet?
What portfolios to include and who the cabinet ministers are.
78
What does the cabinet propose?
Most of the ideas that become laws.
79
What is one example of a cabinet minister's responsibility?
The Minister of Environment runs the department of the environment.
80
What are political parties?
Groups of people with similar ideas about how government should respond to issues.
81
What do political parties seek to do?
Form the government.
82
Who can join a political party?
Anyone, including Grade 9 students.
83
Why does Canada have a variety of political parties?
Because Canadians have different views and perspectives.
84
Fill in the blank: The cabinet includes individuals responsible for different government _______.
[departments and agencies]
85
True or False: The Prime Minister is elected by the general public.
False
86
What is the legislative branch of Canada's federal political system called?
Canada's parliament
## Footnote
The legislative branch includes the House of Commons, the Senate, and the governor general.
87
What is the major law-making body in Canada's federal political system?
The House of Commons
## Footnote
The House of Commons is responsible for debating, studying, and voting on proposed laws called bills.
88
Who are the members of the House of Commons?
Members of parliament (MPs)
## Footnote
Voters elect MPs to represent the voters of one riding or district.
89
How is representation in the House of Commons determined?
By population
## Footnote
Representation is based on the population of the ridings.
90
What languages are all proceedings of the legislative branch conducted in?
French and English
## Footnote
Canada has two official languages.
91
What role do most MPs belong to in the House of Commons?
Political parties
## Footnote
The party with the most MPs usually forms the government, while other parties form the opposition.
92
What is the liveliest part of the day in the House of Commons?
Question Period
## Footnote
Members from opposition parties question the prime minister and cabinet ministers on government decisions.
93
What is the role of the opposition in the House of Commons?
To create debate, act as a watchdog, and represent different views
## Footnote
The opposition speaks for the varied perspectives of Canadians.
94
Fill in the blank: The legislative branch is also called _______.
Canada's parliament
95
True or False: The House of Commons includes the Senate and the governor general.
False
## Footnote
The House of Commons is a part of the legislative branch, which includes the Senate and the governor general.
96
What is a 'seat' in the House of Commons?
A 'seat' is a place where an MP sits representing a riding.
97
What forms a Majority Government?
A Majority Government is formed when a political party wins the majority of seats in the House of Commons.
98
What is the role of the Commons Chamber?
The Commons Chamber is where MPs debate and vote on bills and represent their constituents' views and needs.
99
What defines a Minority Government?
A Minority Government is formed when a political party wins the most seats but not the majority in the House of Commons.
100
What must a Minority Government do to stay in power?
It must negotiate for the support of at least one other party to ensure more than 50 percent of MPs vote for its proposals.
101
True or False: A blue party can form a government if it wins the majority of seats.
True
102
Fill in the blank: A political party that wins the most seats but not the majority usually forms a _______.
Minority Government
103
What is required for a party in a Minority Government to pass proposals?
Support from at least one other party.
104
How do MPs use the Commons Chamber?
To debate and vote on bills and represent constituents.
105
If you were prime minister, how would you approach working with the opposition?
This is a critical thinking challenge; responses will vary.
106
107
What are the two key responsibilities of MPs?
To represent their constituents and to create legislation for the peace, order and good government of all Canadians.
108
What is a primary role of an MP?
Being a legislator and a voice for constituents.
109
What does working on behalf of constituents involve?
Formulating policies and assisting them with services provided by the Government of Canada.
110
What is a key responsibility of a First Nations MP?
Ensuring legislation addresses the issues of Aboriginal communities.
111
How are MPs elected in Canada?
A candidate must win the most votes to become elected, but not necessarily more than 50 percent of the votes.
112
What was the percentage of votes received by Deepak Obhrai in the 2006 Federal Election?
67.10%
113
Who was the candidate with the second highest percentage of votes in the 2006 Federal Election for Calgary East?
Dobie To with 13.56%
114
What is a constituent?
Someone who lives in a riding and is represented by an elected official from that riding.
115
True or False: An MP's first responsibility is to the work of parliament.
False
116
Fill in the blank: To become elected, a candidate must win the most _______.
[votes]
117
How many candidates ran in the 2006 federal election in Calgary East?
Six candidates.
118
What party did Deepak Obhrai represent?
Conservative Party.
119
How does Canada's electoral system influence representation?
It partly determines who represents Canadians in government.
120
What does the electoral system reflect about voter choice?
It shows different views and perspectives on the system.
121
Who was Gary Merasty and what was his affiliation?
He belongs to the Peter Ballantyne Cree Nation and was elected as an MP from Saskatchewan in 2006.
122
What is the significance of the 2006 Federal Election results for Calgary East?
It shows the extent to which election results reflect voter choice.
123
124
What is the definition of popular vote?
The total votes cast in an election, as different from the total seats won in an election.
125
What was the outcome of the 2006 Federal Election in Alberta by popular vote?
Results showed various parties: Conservative, Liberal, NDP, Green, and others.
126
How does the number of ridings in a province get determined?
The number of ridings is based on population.
127
What is the impact of the popular vote on election results?
It indicates total support political parties win during an election, regardless of ridings won.
128
What was the population of Alberta in 2006?
3.3 million.
129
Fill in the blank: The chart and map on this page show the results of the _______ federal election for Alberta.
[2006]
130
What would happen if votes in the 2006 election had been counted by popular vote instead of by riding?
The way Albertans are represented in the House of Commons would be different.
131
What criteria can be used to identify an issue in Canada's electoral process?
Criteria listed on page 9.
132
How does the electoral issue connect to the citizenship and identity of Canadians?
It relates to how representation affects Canadian identity.
133
What is the total number of federal ridings in Alberta as shown in the 2006 Federal Election?
28 federal ridings.
134
True or False: The popular vote reflects the number of seats a party wins.
False.
135
What political parties are represented in the 2006 Federal Election results for Alberta?
Conservative Party, Liberal Party, New Democratic Party, Green Party.
136
What is the population of British Columbia (B.C.) as mentioned?
4.1 million.
137
What percentage of the popular vote did the NDP receive in Alberta during the 2006 Federal Election?
12%.
138
What percentage of the popular vote did the Alberta Green Party receive in the 2006 Federal Election?
1%.
139
What is the significance of comparing the chart with the map in the context of elections?
It highlights differences in representation based on popular vote versus riding results.
140
What are the members of Canada's Senate called?
Senators
141
How are senators in Canada appointed?
By the prime minister
142
What is the maximum age a senator can serve until?
75 years old
143
Do senators in Canada represent a single political party?
No, they represent a variety of political parties
144
What interests do senators represent?
The interests and rights of Canada's regions and minorities
145
What three regions were identified for Senate appointments at Confederation in 1867?
The Maritimes, Ontario, and Québec
146
What was the purpose of ensuring an equal voice in the Senate for different regions?
To ensure Québec's Francophone population had a strong voice
147
In what languages are all Senate proceedings conducted?
French and English
148
What is the role of the Senate in the legislative process?
To provide 'sober second thought' and reconsideration of proposed laws
149
Can the Senate propose laws that create or spend taxes?
No
150
What is required for a bill to become law in Canada?
It must be passed by both the House of Commons and the Senate
151
What power does the Senate have regarding bills from the House of Commons?
The power to reject bills, though it is rarely used
152
Fill in the blank: Senators provide a _______ round of study, debate, and voting on laws proposed for Canada.
second
153
True or False: The Senate is primarily responsible for creating tax laws.
False
154
What is the Speech from the Throne?
A speech outlining the government's plans for the coming year
155
Who delivers the Speech from the Throne?
The governor general
156
What does the term 'minorities' refer to in the context of Canadian governance?
Groups in society who do not form the majority of the population
157
What is the significance of the Senate's role in representing minorities?
It is important for governance in Canada
158
Who is Dr. Claudette Tardif?
A Franco-Albertan advocate of minority language and culture rights
## Footnote
Dr. Tardif was appointed to the Senate by Prime Minister Paul Martin in 2005.
159
What is the role of senators according to Dr. Tardif?
To represent their region and protect the interests of minority groups in Canada
## Footnote
Senators ensure that all voices are heard on issues and provide a voice to citizens who may not otherwise have one.
160
What does the Senate aim to achieve in Canada's political system?
To bring balance and ensure all voices are heard
## Footnote
Senators take their roles seriously in representing diverse perspectives.
161
Who is Jean-Robert Gauthier?
A senator who championed Francophone rights
## Footnote
He received the Order of Canada in 2007 and played a key role in keeping Hôpital Montfort Hospital open.
162
What changes does the national chairman of a committee propose for the Senate?
To make it elected with equal representation from the provinces
## Footnote
This change aims to enhance the legitimacy and effectiveness of the Senate.
163
How long has Bert Brown campaigned to change the structure of the Senate?
More than twenty years
## Footnote
Brown was appointed senator in 2007 after winning an unofficial election in Alberta.
164
True or False: Many people believe the Senate is legitimate and effective.
False
## Footnote
There are widespread views that the Senate is illegitimate and ineffective, prompting calls for change.
165
Fill in the blank: The Senate aims to give a voice to citizens who may not have a _______.
voice
## Footnote
This is part of the Senate's role in representing minority groups.
166
How many House Seats are there in total in Canada?
208
## Footnote
This number reflects the total representation in the House of Commons.
167
Which province has the highest number of seats in the House of Commons?
Ontario: 106
## Footnote
Ontario has the largest population, leading to a higher number of representatives.
168
How many Senate Seats are there in total in Canada?
105
## Footnote
The Senate's structure differs from the House of Commons in terms of seat allocation.
169
What is the role of regions with higher populations in the House of Commons?
They have more seats in the House of Commons.
## Footnote
This reflects the principle of representation by population.
170
Fill in the blank: The territories have _______ seats in the House of Commons.
3
171
How does the structure of the Senate differ from the House of Commons in representing Canadians?
It represents regions and minority groups differently.
## Footnote
The Senate's structure is designed to ensure regional representation.
172
Fill in the blank: New Brunswick has _______ seats in the House of Commons.
10
173
What does Canada's constitution define in relation to the Senate?
It defines 'divisions' or regions for appointing senators.
## Footnote
These divisions ensure a guaranteed number of seats in the Senate.
174
How many seats does Newfoundland and Labrador have in the Senate?
6
## Footnote
This is part of the representation structure in the Senate.
175
True or False: The Senate has a guaranteed number of seats for each region.
True
176
Fill in the blank: The Maritimes have a total of _______ seats in the Senate.
24
177
What is the significance of the Senate's structure in Canadian governance?
It helps the Senate act in the interests of regions and minority groups.
## Footnote
This is crucial for balancing representation across diverse populations.
178
What does the judicial branch do?
Includes Canada's courts of law and interprets and applies all law in Canada
## Footnote
It acts as a check on the powers of other branches and ensures the rights of Canadians are respected.
179
What is the highest court in Canada?
The Supreme Court of Canada
## Footnote
It has the final word on all legal questions in the country.
180
Who comes from the judicial branch?
Members come from the legal profession
## Footnote
All judges in this branch are legal professionals.
181
What is the oath of office for judges?
To apply and define the law to the best of their ability
## Footnote
Judges emphasize that they are not politicians.
182
What types of issues do judges deal with?
Issues of equality, discrimination, criminal process, and social questions
## Footnote
Judges face challenging questions that reflect societal issues.
183
How many judges are on the Supreme Court of Canada?
Nine judges
## Footnote
They come from four regions of Canada.
184
What changes did Prime Minister Stephen Harper make in 2006 regarding Supreme Court judge appointments?
The PM and cabinet now nominate judges who go through a review by a committee of MPs
## Footnote
This process changed the previous method of direct appointments.
185
What is the connection between the judicial branch and peace, order, and good government for all Canadians?
The judicial branch interprets and applies the law, contributing to peace and order
## Footnote
It helps maintain good governance by upholding legal rights.
186
What is the significance of having an uneven number of judges on the Supreme Court?
To prevent tie decisions
## Footnote
This ensures that there is always a clear majority opinion.
187
Fill in the blank: The judicial branch is the part of government that _______.
interprets and applies the law by making legal judgments
188
What is the Federal Accountability Act (FAA)?
A law introduced in Canada to promote accountability in government practices.
## Footnote
Introduced by John Baird in 2006.
189
Who was the Minister of the Treasury when the FAA was introduced?
John Baird.
## Footnote
He introduced the FAA in 2006.
190
What does the process of creating legislation in Canada involve?
Involvement of Canadians and their multiple views and perspectives on issues.
## Footnote
This includes public debate and consultation.
191
What is illustrated in the flow chart related to the FAA?
The steps of how the FAA was proposed, debated, and passed as a law in the House of Commons and the Senate.
## Footnote
It visually represents the legislative process.
192
What perspective is included in the section about law-making in Canada?
A First Nations perspective.
## Footnote
This perspective highlights the views of Indigenous communities in the legislative process.
193
Fill in the blank: John Baird held a news conference about the FAA to _______.
communicate his message and persuade his audience.
## Footnote
The visual backdrop may have been used to enhance his communication.
194
True or False: The FAA was passed without any debate.
False.
## Footnote
The FAA underwent a debate process in both the House of Commons and the Senate.
195
What legislation was passed in Canada in response to the sponsorship scandal?
Federal Accountability Act
196
When was the Federal Accountability Act passed?
December 2006
197
What was one of the main issues that the Federal Accountability Act addressed?
Responsible and accountable spending by government
198
What protection does the Federal Accountability Act provide for government employees?
Protection for employees who 'blow the whistle' on wrongdoing
199
What is the role of lobbyists as defined in the context of the Federal Accountability Act?
People paid to represent the interests of particular groups in society
200
What did the auditor general's report reveal about the government's spending in the sponsorship scandal?
The government created a secret fund for its own interests
201
Who was the auditor general of Canada during the sponsorship scandal?
Sheila Fraser
202
What did the investigation into the sponsorship scandal find regarding the federal fund in Québec?
No process for handing out money and no accountability for spending
203
What was the outcome for the Liberal Party of Canada in the 2004 federal election due to the scandal?
The Liberal party lost seats
204
True or False: Elected officials were convicted as a result of the sponsorship scandal.
False
205
Fill in the blank: The auditor general acts as a _______ on government spending.
watchdog
206
What was the initial purpose of the federal fund in Québec related to the sponsorship scandal?
To pay for cultural events and programs
207
How much did the government pay for a document that was later found to not exist?
$500,000
208
What term is used to describe the people who serve Canadians as employees of government?
civil service
209
What was a significant consequence of the auditor general's report?
Led to a public inquiry and criminal charges against officials
210
What does the term 'accountable' mean in the context of government?
Answerable to someone for your actions
211
What is one potential benefit of making Canada's government more accountable?
Contributes to good government for all Canadians
212
When was the FAA proposed?
April 11, 2006
213
What occurs during the First Reading of a bill in the House of Commons?
Printed copies of the bill are made available for the first time. There is no debate or vote.
214
What is the main purpose of the Second Reading in the legislative process?
Debate and vote on the principle of the bill. Does the bill serve the interests of Canadians?
215
How many meetings did the committee studying the FAA hold?
28 meetings
216
How many witnesses did the committee hear during the FAA study?
129 witnesses
217
What groups did the witnesses include during the FAA study?
* First Nations
* Labour unions
* Political parties
218
How many amendments did the committee recommend for the FAA?
116 amendments
219
What is the purpose of the Committee Stage in the law-making process?
Detailed study of the bill by a committee of MPs or senators with the help of witnesses.
220
What happens during the Report Stage?
Debate and vote on amendments to the bill.
221
What occurs during the Third Reading?
Debate and vote on the final form of the bill.
222
True or False: The Committee Stage involves a detailed study of the bill.
True
223
Fill in the blank: The committee studying the FAA issued a report with a recommendation that the House or Senate usually _______.
accepts
224
What is the first step in the usual path of law making in Canada?
House of Commons
## Footnote
This is the starting point where proposed laws are introduced and debated.
225
What are the two main bodies involved in the law-making process in Canada?
House of Commons and Senate
## Footnote
Both bodies must seek agreement on the final form of a bill.
226
How many meetings did the Senate committee studying the FAA hold?
21 meetings
## Footnote
This reflects the committee's commitment to thorough examination of the bill.
227
How many witnesses did the Senate committee hear during their study of the FAA?
237 witnesses
## Footnote
Witnesses included representatives from various sectors such as industry and political parties.
228
How many amendments did the Senate committee recommend for the FAA?
156 amendments
## Footnote
These amendments were suggested to improve the bill based on the testimony received.
229
What happens after the Senate committee completes its recommendations?
The bill enters the Committee Stage
## Footnote
During this stage, further revisions and debates occur.
230
Fill in the blank: The FAA became law on _______.
December 12, 2006
## Footnote
This date marks when the bill received Royal Assent.
231
What is the final step in the law-making process in Canada?
Royal Assent
## Footnote
After this formality, the bill officially becomes law.
232
How many of the Senate's amendments did the House of Commons initially accept?
20 amendments
## Footnote
This shows the collaborative nature of the legislative process.
233
True or False: The FAA went through an additional loop in the law-making process.
True
## Footnote
This additional loop allowed for fuller debate on the issues involved.
234
What is the significance of the House of Commons accepting Senate amendments?
It reflects collaboration and compromise between legislative bodies
## Footnote
This process is essential for building a society with diverse perspectives.
235
What are the stages involved in the law-making process as mentioned?
First Reading, Second Reading, Committee Stage, Report Stage, Third Reading
## Footnote
Each stage includes debates and votes on the proposed bill.
236
What is assimilation?
The process of becoming part of a different cultural group (not your own)
237
Who is Anna Hunter?
Director of the Aboriginal Public Administration Program at the University of Saskatchewan
238
What was the British North America Act (BNA Act)?
Canada's original constitution that established Canada's system of government
239
What did the BNA Act state about First Nations?
Made First Nations 'responsibilities' of the government and did not acknowledge them as independent, sovereign peoples
240
Which groups were not mentioned in the BNA Act?
Inuit and Métis
241
What have Aboriginal peoples campaigned for since Confederation?
Inclusion of their rights in Canada's constitution
242
What do many Aboriginal peoples feel about Canada's political system?
They feel excluded from it
243
What do Aboriginal peoples need in Canada's political processes?
Representation and inclusion of their leaders, ceremonies, symbols, and practices
244
What challenges do First Nations face in Canada's federal political system?
Difficulties in electing representatives and feeling underrepresented
245
What percentage of Canada's population do First Nations people represent?
Less than 10 percent
246
Why do some First Nations choose not to vote?
Because Canada's government does not reflect their traditions and values
247
What do some First Nations associate voting with?
Assimilation
248
When did Canada grant First Nations people the right to vote?
1960
249
Fill in the blank: Aboriginal peoples were not consulted when Canada was formed at _______.
Confederation
250
True or False: The BNA Act acknowledged the rights of Aboriginal peoples.
False
251
What is the role of the media in connecting Canadians to their government?
The media communicates information about government actions.
252
What aspects of the media's influence on current affairs are discussed?
The media affects current affairs and issues.
253
What challenges do reporters face when covering political issues?
Reporters face challenges in accurately reporting political issues.
254
What types of news groups are mentioned in relation to Canada's diverse needs?
News groups that communicate the diverse needs and perspectives of Canada's peoples.
255
How does the media provide citizens opportunities in political communication?
The media allows citizens to communicate their needs and concerns about political issues.
256
Fill in the blank: The media provides citizens opportunities to _______ their needs and concerns about political issues.
[communicate]
257
True or False: The media solely focuses on government actions and does not address citizens' concerns.
False
258
What critical questions should you consider about your news sources?
How does the source of your news affect the information you get? Do some formats communicate more effectively than others? How do you know if you have access to reliable, balanced information?
259
What are the main types of media?
Newspapers, magazines, film, radio, television, the Internet, books, billboards
260
What is the primary role of the media?
To deliver information and messages quickly to very large audiences
261
How do media messages influence audiences?
They affect personal understanding of the world and how it works
262
Who creates media messages?
People who interpret facts and make choices about storytelling
263
What happens when a story is repeated in the media?
It begins to affect what happens next
264
What do politicians develop for the media?
Key messages to control how they are presented
265
What are these key messages often like?
Memorable quotes or phrases, almost like slogans
266
What decisions do journalists make?
What news stories to cover and whose perspectives to include
267
What is the essence of government according to journalists?
To try to change our society for the better
268
What is a significant challenge for journalists?
To get the truth
269
Where is the truth not always found?
On government websites or in the first press release
270
What must journalists do to find credible information?
Dig around and find credible sources
271
What must journalists sort through to find the truth?
The 'spin' and noise of Question Period
272
What is a slogan?
A phrase repeatedly used by politicians or marketers to present an idea
273
Who is Don Martin?
The national affairs columnist for the Calgary Herald and the National Post
274
Fill in the blank: The media ________ report the news.
do not just
275
True or False: Journalists always find the truth easily.
False
276
What is the purpose of media outlets that serve communities in Canada?
To connect and represent the voices of their communities.
277
What is the Parliamentary Press Gallery?
An association of about 350 reporters covering Canada's government.
278
Which media outlets are part of the Parliamentary Press Gallery?
Includes various media outlets across Canada.
279
What opportunity does the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network (APTN) provide?
The opportunity for First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples to share their stories.
280
In what languages does APTN broadcast?
English, French, and several Aboriginal languages.
281
What does the Association de la Presse Francophone serve?
Francophone communities outside of Québec.
282
Why might Francophone communities in Alberta have different perspectives than those in Québec?
Due to regional cultural and social differences.
283
What services does CBC/Radio-Canada provide?
Radio, television, Internet, and satellite-based services.
284
In how many languages does CBC/Radio-Canada broadcast to Canadians?
In English, French, and eight Aboriginal languages.
285
What is Le Devoir?
A French-language newspaper based in Montréal.
286
Where is Ming Pao News based and where does it have Canadian editions?
Based in Hong Kong with Canadian editions in Toronto and Vancouver.
287
What is the aim of OMNI Television?
To reflect Canada's diversity through multicultural programming.
288
What type of programming does OMNI Television provide?
Multicultural, multilingual, and multi-faith programming.
289
Fill in the blank: APTN provides First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples the opportunity to share their stories through a national television network dedicated to _______.
Aboriginal programming.
290
What is bias?
A type of thinking rooted in a person's point of view.
291
How can bias affect news reporting?
It can create unbalanced information in the news.
292
What should you be when analyzing issues in the news?
Open-minded.
293
Name one question to evaluate an article for bias.
Who is the writer(s) or speaker(s)?
294
What does the proposed law regarding federal election dates aim to achieve?
To set, or 'fix,' federal election dates every four years.
295
What is the current system for calling federal elections in Canada?
The prime minister of a majority government can call an election at any time within five years.
296
Who introduced the legislation for fixed election dates?
Minister of Justice Rob Nicholson.
297
What is one argument in favor of fixed election dates?
They level the playing field for all political parties.
298
What do the Liberals argue against fixed election dates?
They say it would make the ruling party less accountable to voters.
299
Fill in the blank: Bias is an opinion based on _______.
[unchallenged assumptions]
300
What is one method suggested to detect bias in media reports?
Collect three or four pieces of information on a current issue.
301
What should you do after analyzing items for bias?
Summarize and share your findings.
302
How long has the current election system served Canada?
130 years.
303
True or False: Fixed election dates would prevent leaders from manipulating the election calendar.
True.
304
What should you include in a visual representation of your findings on media bias?
A title, subtitles, and an explanation of how bias can be found in media reports.
305
What is a lobbyist?
A lobbyist is someone hired by a group to influence MPs and government officials.
## Footnote
Lobbyists represent various interests and perspectives in the political process.
306
What must lobbyists do to ensure transparency?
Lobbyists must register with a Commissioner of Lobbyists.
## Footnote
This registration allows the public in Canada to know who lobbyists are and whom they represent.
307
What kind of issues do lobbyists address?
Lobbyists voice the views of groups on issues that affect their members, products, or services.
## Footnote
These issues can also impact all Canadians.
308
What did the Federal Accountability Act introduce for lobbyists?
The Federal Accountability Act introduced rules that require lobbyists to document which MPs and government officials they meet with.
## Footnote
This aims to increase accountability in lobbying activities.
309
How has lobbying by the Non-Smokers' Rights Association impacted legislation?
Lobbying by the Non-Smokers' Rights Association has resulted in tougher controls on smoking, including government warnings on cigarette packages and bans on smoking in public places.
## Footnote
This illustrates the influence of lobbyists on public health policy.
310
What is one example of an industry that employs lobbyists?
The entertainment industry employs lobbyists.
## Footnote
They work to influence laws regarding downloading music, movies, and TV shows.
311
True or False: Lobbyists only represent corporate interests.
False.
## Footnote
Lobbyists represent a variety of groups, including non-profit organizations and public interest groups.
312
Fill in the blank: Lobbyists provide different _______ and in-depth expertise on many issues.
perspectives.
## Footnote
This diversity of viewpoints is crucial in the political decision-making process.
313
What is the role of lobbyists in the political process?
Lobbyists influence government decision-making and represent the interests of their clients.
## Footnote
They play a critical role in shaping legislation and public policy.
314
What are lobbyists expected to document according to the Federal Accountability Act?
Lobbyists are expected to document their meetings with MPs and government officials.
## Footnote
This requirement is designed to enhance transparency in lobbying practices.
315
How can lobbying affect the lives of Canadians?
Lobbying can affect political decision-making, which in turn impacts the lives of Canadians.
## Footnote
The decisions made by government officials can directly influence public policies that affect citizens.
316
Who is the president of the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers?
Pierre Alvarez
317
Where is the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP) based?
Calgary, Alberta
318
How many companies does CAPP represent?
150 companies
319
What percentage of Canada's natural gas, crude oil, oil sands, and elemental sulphur does CAPP produce?
More than 95 percent
320
What is the role of lobbyists according to the text?
Represent the views and perspectives of different groups on issues that affect Canadians
321
What is a key issue that lobbyists are involved in regarding Alberta?
The development of the oil sands
322
True or False: Government has a monopoly on good ideas or right answers.
False
323
What does the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers bring to decision-making processes?
Technical expertise
324
Fill in the blank: Many times, the best work we do comes from processes where government, ourselves, and the _______ community are all around the table.
environmental
325
What is the critical thinking challenge posed in the text?
To what extent do lobbyists represent Canadians and how do they help or hinder effective government decision making?
326
What is the primary focus of the organization mentioned?
The environmental implications of energy development.
## Footnote
The organization aims to put forward solutions, identify priorities, and build a case for change regarding energy development.
327
How does the organization differ from corporate groups like the oil industry?
It has nothing to gain financially from its activities.
## Footnote
This distinction highlights the organization's non-profit nature and its focus on environmental issues.
328
What has the organization raised awareness about?
Key environmental consequences of oil sands development.
## Footnote
This awareness has increased public and media attention on the issue.
329
What effect has the organization's awareness-raising had on the government?
It has put more pressure on the government to take action.
## Footnote
This indicates the organization's influence on public policy regarding environmental issues.
330
What is a common activity the organization engages in with the industry?
Seeking consensus on issues.
## Footnote
This collaborative approach involves bringing various stakeholders, including industry representatives, to the table.
331
Who is Chris Severson-Baker?
The director of Energy Watch with the Pembina Institute.
## Footnote
His role emphasizes the leadership within the organization regarding energy issues.
332
Where is the Pembina Institute based?
Alberta.
## Footnote
This location is significant as it is a region impacted by energy development, particularly oil sands.
333
What type of energy does the Pembina Institute aim to advance?
Green sources of energy.
## Footnote
This focus aligns with the organization's mission to promote environmentally sustainable energy solutions.
334
True or False: The organization seeks to eliminate the oil sands industry entirely.
False.
## Footnote
The organization seeks more controls on the industry rather than complete elimination, indicating a balanced approach.
335
Fill in the blank: The organization deals with the _______ implications of energy development.
[environmental]
## Footnote
This term underscores the organization's primary focus area.
