8. Remembering Brain I Flashcards
What is the function-structure relationship?
- dont match up
- one function can rely on multiple structures
- one structure can have multiple functions
The two types of declarative memory
Episodic (events) and semantic (facts)
brain region involved in episodic and semantic memory
medial temporal lobe (MTL)
basal ganglia involved in which type of memory?
Procedural memory
brain region involved in conditioned responses in memory
cerebellum
nonassociation learning (eg habituation) involves what pathways
reflex pathways
The entorhinal, perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices can be grouped as the:
parahippocampal gyrus
made up of the dentate gyrus, Cornu Ammonis, and subiculum
Hippocampus
what is the loop of information flow between the MTL regions?
info from brain –> perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices –> entorhinal cortex –> hippocampus –> entorhinal –> rest of MTL and brain
patient HM could learn motor skills with no recollection of doing them. This shows that:
procedural and declarative memory are separate
anterograde amnesia:
cant make new memories. Old memories intact
retrograde amnesia:
cant remember memories from before amnesia
following HM’s bilateral medial temporal lobectomy, what types of deficits did he experience?
- minor retrograde amnesia
- severe anterograde amnesia
- implicit procedural LTM fine, but not explicit - mirror drawing task
vlPFC and MTL (left) could predict what in the subsequent memory paradigm?
whether stimuli would be later forgotten or remembered (predictive)
Familiarity
sense that stimulus has been encountered before but no extra information recalled
Recollection:
remembering the context or associations of a stimulus you previously encountered. Can be recalled.
in the model by Eichenbaum in which the MTL supports familiarity and recollection differently, what does the perihinal, parahippocampal and hippocampal support?
Perirhinal: familiarity
parahippocampal: context
hippocampus: coherent recollection
Evidence for different MTL regions being involved in familiarity and recollection?
Ranganath:
- perhirhinal cortex predicted the memory confidence judgement: familiarity
- hippocampus predicted the source judgement: recollection
In early AD patients, which regions are first affected and what effect does this have on familiarity vs recollection?
- entorhinal and hippocampus go first - loss of recollection and navigation
- rest of MTL okay so feel familiarity for faces and places
What is Ribot’s Law and what theory of consolidation does it support?
- memory loss follows a temporal gradient (oldest memories easiest to recall, recent hardest)
- standard consolidation theory
standard consolidation theory
hippocampus has a temporary role in storing memories
multiple trace theory
hippocampus has a permanent role in memory
- episodic (context rich) always rely on hippocampus
- semantic rely less on hippocampus with time
Support for the standard consolidation model from semantic dementia patients
have damage to regions of the cortex, so hippocampus intact. Therefore can remember newer memories, but not old ones which have been consolidated and moved to cortex
Support from AD patients for the standard consolidation model
damaged hippocampus, meaning can access old memories (no longer dependent on hippocampus) via Ribot’s Law. Recent memories not accessible
Evidence from fMRI for the multiple trace theory
Hippocampus more activated for vividness of memory, regardless of how old it was
T or F, consolidation can be thought of as transferring memories from episodic (context rich) to semantic (less context) in multiple trace model
True
rats with __ (hippocampal/cortex) damage are impaired on the water maze task. Those with __ (h/c) are spared.
- hippocampus
- cortex
food storing birds and london cabbies both have larger
hippocampi
Briefly describe what place, grid and boundary/border cells of hippocampi do
- place: each represents diff location in 2D environment (place field)
- grid: creates grid/sketch of 2D environ
- boundary: fires at boundaries
